High Expression of UBB, RAC1, and ITGB1 Predicts Worse Prognosis among Nonsmoking Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma through Bioinformatics Analysis

Table 1

Functional roles of 19 hub genes with .

No.	Gene symbol	Degree	Full name	Function
1	UBB	51	Ubiquitin B	UBB is lowly expressed in some cancers, such as nonsmoking LUAD and endometrial carcinoma.
2	RAC1	50	Rac Family Small GTPase 1	RAC1 serves a key role in the EMT, cell proliferation, and worse invasion in LUAD.
3	ITGB1	42	Integrin subunit beta 1	ITGB1 encodes the beta subunit of integrins and participates in the carcinogenesis and progression of LUAD.
4	SRC	40	SRC protooncogene, nonreceptor tyrosine kinase	SRC participates in the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of LUAD.
5	C3	40	Complement C3	C3 is obviously altered in serum among patients with LUAD and C3 may be a candidate diagnostic biomarker.
6	IL6	33	Interleukin 6	IL6 promotes Kras driven of the carcinogenesis of LUAD and induces the resistance of gefitinib in EGFR-mutant LC.
7	CDC20	33	Cell division cycle 20	CDC20 is associated with protein ubiquitination and modification and promotes the progression of NSCLC.
8	EGFR	32	Epidermal growth factor receptor	EGFR mutation is the driven alteration of nonsmoking LUAD and participates in the cell proliferation in LUAD.
9	UBE2C	29	Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 C	UBE2C contributes to the EMT, cell proliferation, and malignant invasion of LUAD.
10	TIMP1	28	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	TIMP1 participates in the progression and inhibits the apoptosis of tumor cells in LUAD.
11	GNG11	26	G protein subunit gamma 11	Low expression of GNG11 is correlated with poorer prognosis among woman patients with nonsmoking LC.
12	CXCL12	26	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12	CXCL12/CXCR4 plays an important role in the propagation of NSCLC.
13	GAS6	25	Growth arrest specific 6	AXL/GAS6 axis contributes to cell migration in NSCLC, which is a candidate prognostic biomarker in NSCLC.
14	P4HB	25	Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta	P4HB participates in the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer.
15	CXCR4	24	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	CXCR4 serves a procarcinogenic role by interacting with CXCL12 in NSCLC.
16	FPR1	22	Formyl peptide receptor 1	FPR1 induces the translocation of NF-κB to promote the progression by upregulating IL6 and IL8 in cervical cancer.
17	ADRB2	22	Adrenoceptor beta 2	ADRB2 is overexpressed in LUAD, which promotes the adverse progression in LUAD.
18	LYZ	21	Lysozyme	Hypermethylated LYZ is observed in gastric cancer.
19	MMP9	21	Matrix metallopeptidase 9	MMP9 regulates the cell proliferation and metastasis of LUAD.

Abbreviations: LC: lung cancer; NSCLC: non-small-cell lung cancer; LUAD: lung adenocarcinoma; TSA: trichostatin A; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B.