Fabrication and Application of a 3D-Printed Poly-ε-Caprolactone Cage Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

Figure 1

Morphologies and cytotoxicity of PCL scaffolds. (a) Fabrication of PCL sheets with diameters of 14 mm, 21 mm, and 33 mm. (b) PCL sheets with 300 μm-thick layers could not attach tightly. (c) Surface and cross-sectional morphologies of PCL sheets with 100 μm and 200 μm-thick layers. (d) Fabrication of PCL cage scaffolds using the FDM technique, with 200 μm-thick layers. (e) Proliferation curves of hBMMSCs cultured with PM and PCL extracts. Mean ± SD; n = 3. (f) Cell viability of hBMMSCs cultured with extraction fluid of PCL compared with PM. Mean ± SD; n = 3. (g) Live/dead staining of hBMMSCs cultured on treated and untreated PCL sheets for 12 h. Nuclei and mitochondria are colored green, and damaged cells are colored red. Bar represents 200 μm for (c) and (f).

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