Clinical Features of COVID-19 Patients with Different Outcomes in Wuhan: A Retrospective Observational Study

Table 5

Complications and treatments of COVID-19 patients.

	All ()	Nonsurviving ()	Surviving ()	value
Complications, No. (%)	91 (31.1%)	79 (68.1%)	12 (6.8%)	<0.001
Shock	56 (19.1%)	51 (44.0%)	5 (2.8%)	<0.001
Acute cardiac injury	72 (24.6%)	67 (57.8%)	5 (2.8%)	< 0.001
Acute renal injury	21 (7.2%)	20 (17.2%)	1 (0.6%)	< 0.001
Acute liver injury	19 (6.5%)	12 (10.3%)	7 (4.0%)	0.030
Only one complication	47 (16.0%)	37 (31.9%)	10 (5.6%)	< 0.001
≥2 complications	44 (15%)	42 (36.2%)	2 (1.1%)	< 0.001
Admission to ICU, No. (%)	42 (14.3%)	37 (31.9%)	5 (2.8%)	< 0.001
Oxygen therapy, No. (%)	172 (58.7%)	89 (76.7%)	83 (46.9%)	< 0.001
Nasal catheter oxygen inhalation	152 (51.9%)	72 (62.1%)	80 (45.2%)	0.005
Mask oxygen inhalation	92 (31.4%)	64 (55.2%)	28 (15.8%)	< 0.001
HFBHTI	22 (7.5%)	20 (17.2%)	2 (1.1%)	< 0.001
Noninvasive mechanical ventilation	65 (22.2%)	60 (51.7%)	5 (2.8%)	< 0.001
Invasive mechanical ventilation	22 (7.5%)	22 (19%)	0 (0)	< 0.001
Medical treatment, No. (%)
Antiviral treatment	247 (84.3%)	87 (75%)	160 (90.4%)	< 0.001
Antibiotic treatment	218 (74.4%)	89 (76.7%)	129 (72.9%)	0.461
Glucocorticoids	139 (47.4%)	79 (68.1%)	60 (33.9%)	< 0.001
Immunoglobulin therapy	142 (48.5%)	71 (61.2%)	71 (40.1%)	< 0.001
Antifungal treatment	9 (3.1%)	8 (6.9%)	1 (0.6%)	0.002
Special treatment, No. (%)
CRRT	7 (2.4%)	7 (6.0%)	0 (0)	< 0.001
ECMO	2 (0.7%)	2 (1.7%)	0 (0)	0.080
ALSS	2 (0.7%)	2 (1.7%)	0 (0)	0.080

Abbreviations: ICU: intensive care unit; HFBHTI: high-flow breathing humidification therapy instrument; CRRT: continuous renal replacement therapy; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ALSS: artificial liver support system.