Protective Effects of Quercetin on Livers from Mice Exposed to Long-Term Cigarette Smoke

Table 4

Antioxidant defense and oxidative stress biomarkers in liver homogenate.

	CG	VG	QG	CSG	QCSG
SOD (U/mg protein)				^a,b,c	^d
CAT (U/mg protein)				^a	^a
GSH/GSSG ratio	7.21 (2.59; 13.30)	5.84 (4.11; 6.85)	6.05 (5.24; 9.04)	0.41 (0.34; 1.40)^c	6.61 (3.19; 10.64)^d
TBARS (nmol/mg protein)				^a,b,c	0^d
Protein carbonyl (nmol/ng protein)

CG: control group; VG: vehicle group; QG: quercetin group; CSG: cigarette smoke group; QCSG: quercetin and cigarette smoke group, SOD: superoxide dismutase; CAT: catalase; GSH: glutathione sulfide; GSSG: oxidized glutathione; TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. ^a represents a significant difference between groups when compared to CG; ^b represents a significant difference between groups when compared to VG; ^c represents a significant difference between groups when compared to QG; ^d represents a significant difference between groups when compared to CSG. SOD, CAT, TBARS, and protein carbonyl were expressed as and were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s posttest, animals per group (). The GSH/GSSG ratio data were expressed in median, minimum, and maximum value and were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn’s posttest that was used, animals per group ().