Research Article
Protective Effects of Quercetin on Livers from Mice Exposed to Long-Term Cigarette Smoke
Table 4
Antioxidant defense and oxidative stress biomarkers in liver homogenate.
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CG: control group; VG: vehicle group; QG: quercetin group; CSG: cigarette smoke group; QCSG: quercetin and cigarette smoke group, SOD: superoxide dismutase; CAT: catalase; GSH: glutathione sulfide; GSSG: oxidized glutathione; TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. a represents a significant difference between groups when compared to CG; b represents a significant difference between groups when compared to VG; c represents a significant difference between groups when compared to QG; d represents a significant difference between groups when compared to CSG. SOD, CAT, TBARS, and protein carbonyl were expressed as and were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s posttest, animals per group (). The GSH/GSSG ratio data were expressed in median, minimum, and maximum value and were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn’s posttest that was used, animals per group (). |