The Role of Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers for Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Figure 1

Adjusted associations between eGFR, proteinuria, and risk for cardiovascular (CV) fatal and nonfatal events (i.e., myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke, revascularization, peripheral vascular disease, nontraumatic amputation, or CV death). Solid line represents hazard ratio (HR), whereas dashed lines represent the 95% confidence intervals. HR is adjusted for the main predictors of CV events (age, gender, type 2 diabetes, history of cardiovascular disease, body mass index, hemoglobin, smoking habit, systolic blood pressure, serum phosphorus, and use of RAAS inhibitors). Knots were located at the 25^th, 50^th, and 75^th percentiles for both proteinuria and eGFR. Rug plots at the top of the -axis represent the distribution of observations. Data source: CKD Multicohort, a pooled analysis of 3,957 patients referred to Italian nephrology clinics [8].