High Prevalence of Rifampicin Resistance Associated with Rural Residence and Very Low Bacillary Load among TB/HIV-Coinfected Patients at the National Tuberculosis Treatment Center in Uganda
Table 1
Characteristics of TB/HIV-coinfected patients.
Characteristic
Rifampicin resistance (RR) not detected () (%)
RR detected () (%)
Total () (%)
valueɣ
Sex
Male
40 (53.3)
16 (44.4)
56 (50.5)
0.381
Female
35 (46.7)
20 (55.6)
55 (49.5)
Age (median (IQR))
33 (27-39)
34.5 (27-40)
31 (25–39)
0.420‡
Residence
Urban
57 (76.0)
17 (47.2)
74 (66.7)
0.003
Rural
18 (24.0)
19 (52.8)
37 (33.3)
Antiretroviral therapy (ART)
No current ART use
45 (60.0)
15 (41.7)
60 (54.1)
0.070
Current ART use
30 (40.0)
21 (58.3)
51 (45.9)
Current cotrimoxazole (CTX) use
Yes
47 (62.7)
29 (80.6)
76 (68.5)
0.058
No
28 (37.3)
7 (19.4)
35 (31.5)
CTX and ART use combined
Yes
24 (32.0)
19 (52.8)
43 (38.7)
0.035
No
51 (68.0)
17 (47.2)
68 (61.3)
History of TB treatment
Yes
12 (16.0)
6 (16.7)
18 (16.2)
1.000
No
63 (84.0)
30 (83.3)
93 (83.8)
Cough
Yes
75 (100.0)
31 (86.1)
106 (95.5)
0.003
No
0 (0.0)
5 (13.9)
5 (4.5)
Night sweats
Yes
55 (73.3)
22 (61.1)
77 (69.4)
0.191
No
20 (26.7)
14 (38.9)
34 (30.6)
Weight loss
Yes
60 (80.0)
20 (55.6)
80 (72.1)
0.007
No
15 (20.0)
16 (44.4)
31 (27.9)
TB symptom burden
≥4 symptoms
43 (57.3)
15 (41.7)
58 (52.2)
0.122
<4 symptoms
32 (42.7)
21 (58.3)
53 (47.8)
Bacillary load
Very low
8 (11.0)
16 (48.5)
24 (22.6)
<0.001
Low/medium/high
65 (89.0)
17 (51.5)
82 (77.4)
Temperature
Hypothermia
21 (28.4)
14 (38.9)
35 (31.8)
0.038
Normal
38 (51.4)
21 (58.3)
59 (53.6)
Hyperthermia
15 (20.2)
1 (2.8)
16 (14.6)
CD4 (median (IQR))
182 (68-325)
280 (119.5-523.5)
433 (220-718)
0.138‡
CD8 (median (IQR))
466 (254-751)
542.5 (333-911.5)
414 (253-629)
0.420‡
CD4/CD8 ratio†
<0.52
58 (77.3)
22 (61.1)
80 (72.1)
0.075
0.52-4.1
17 (22.7)
14 (38.9)
31 (27.9)
WBC countß (median (IQR))
5.89 (4.03-8.61)
4.89 (4.08-6.61)
6.73 (4.80-9.35)
0.115‡
Hemoglobin§ (median (IQR))
10.7 (9.1-12.5)
11.5 (9.1-13.5)
12.2 (10.2-13.9)
0.195‡
MCV (median (IQR))
78.4 (71.2-87.6)
88.0 (77.1-96.9)
78.7 (71.5-87.9)
0.133‡
ɣ value is derived from Pearson’s chi-square test; ‡ value from nonparametric median test. TB: tuberculosis; WBC: white blood cell count; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; CD: cluster of differentiation; IQR: interquartile range. †Cutoff ranges are according to Ugandan population estimate [21]; ß×103 cells per microliter; §grams per deciliter; femtoliters.
