[Retracted] 1H-Indole-3-Carbonyl-Thiazole-4-Carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester Blocked Human Glioma Cell Invasion via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor’s Regulation of Cytoskeletal Contraction

Figure 1

ITE inhibited migration and invasion of glioma cells in wound healing and the Boyden chamber invasion assay. (a, b) Wound-healing assays. U87 and GL261 cells were treated with DSMO or various doses of ITE for 20 hr. The area of the wound was measured in 3 replicate wells per experiment (, , and ), with a drug treatment experiment replicated 3 times. (c, d) Boyden chamber invasion assays. The cells were treated with various concentrations of ITE, DMSO, or PF431396 (FAK inhibitor) for 20 hr. Those migrated through the rat tail tendon collagen type I gel and the membrane were stained and counted (, , and ). (e–f) siRNA knocking down of AHR expression in U87MG cells. AHR siRNAs or nontargeting siRNA control (NC) were transfected into the U87MG cells for 36 h, and the AHR level was assessed by RT-PCR and western blot. (g) For drug treatment, U87MG cells were transfected with AHR siRNA or with NC for 36 hr and treated with DMSO or various concentrations of ITE for additional 20 hr. Cell migration was assessed by wound-healing assays, and the data from three batches of drug treatment experiments were analyzed using repeated-measure ANOVA ( statistical significance for difference within group and ^# statistical significance for difference between groups; or ^#, or ^##, and or ^###).

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