CHA₂DS₂-VASc Score as a Predictor for Left Atrial Thrombus or Spontaneous Echo Contrast in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Subgroup analysis of potential sources of heterogeneity.

	Heterogeneity factors		No. of studies	OR (95% CI)	value	( value)
For LAT/LASEC with 15 studies	Sample size	≥415	5	1.33 (1.17–1.52)	<0.001	47.9% (0.104)
		<415	10	2.02 (1.48–2.75)	<0.001	82.4% (<0.001)
	Publication year	Before 2015	7	1.83 (1.26–2.66)	0.002	84.5% (<0.001)
		After 2015	8	1.49 (1.26–1.77)	<0.001	66.7% (0.003)
	Region	Asia	10	1.81 (1.39–2.35)	<0.001	81.8% (<0.001)
		Non-Asia	5	1.36 (1.12–1.66)	0.002	66.4% (0.018)
	Proportion of male	≥65.3%	9	1.42 (1.20–1.67)	<0.001	70.4% (0.001)
		<65.3%	6	1.93 (1.28–2.91)	0.002	81.6% (<0.001)
For LAT with 12 studies	Sample size	≥379	3	1.81 (1.11–2.97)	<0.001	85.6% (0.001)
		<379	9	1.89 (1.37–2.62)	0.018	79.7% (<0.001)
	Publication year	Before 2015	6	2.03 (1.24–3.32)	0.005	87.1% (<0.001)
		After 2015	6	1.73 (1.37–2.19)	<0.001	57.6% (0.038)
	Region	Asia	7	2.37 (1.54–3.64)	<0.001	80.7% (<0.001)
		Non-Asia	5	1.39 (1.11–1.76)	0.005	66.8% (0.017)
	Proportion of male	≥66.0%	6	1.51 (1.17–1.96)	0.002	78.0% (<0.001)
		<66.0%	6	2.28 (1.54–3.38)	<0.001	65.5% (0.013)

CI: confidence intervals; SE: standard error.