Bedside Biliary Drainage without Fluoroscopy for Critically Ill Patients

Table 1

ERCP indications, procedure, and adverse events in 80 patients (, %).

Indications
Choledocholithiasis	46 (57.5)
Gallstone pancreatitis	25 (31.25)
Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma	2 (2.5)
Distal cholangiocarcinoma	1 (1.25)
Carcinoma of duodenal papilla	2 (2.5)
Pancreatic carcinoma	1 (1.25)
Hematobilia	1 (1.25)
Biliary leakage	1 (1.25)
Traumatic hepatic rupture	1 (1.25)
Procedure
Cannulation
Succeed	75 (93.75)
Failed^a	5 (6.25)
ERBD	54 (67.5)
ENBD	20 (25)
EST	2 (2.5)
ERPD	3 (3.75)
Stone extraction	1 (1.25)
Adverse events
Mild acute pancreatitis	1 (1.25)
Mortality^b	29 (36.25)
APACHE II score
ERBD^c
ENBD

EST: endoscopic sphincterotomy; ERPD: endoscopic retrograde pancreatic drainage. ^aIncluding failed in finding the duodenal papilla (), edema of the duodenal papilla (), and rigidity of duodenal papilla (); ^bincluding multiple organ failure (), myocardial infarction (), and hemorrhage of necrotic pancreatitis (); ^cno difference between ERBD and ENBD, , .