A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Vehicle-Controlled Study of the Efficacy of Moisturizer Containing Licochalcone A, Decanediol, L-Carnitine, and Salicylic Acid for Prevention of Acne Relapse in Asian Population

Table 4

Literature review of randomized controlled studies that investigated maintenance therapy for acne compared with that of the present study.

	Thiboutot et al. [34], 2005; Thiboutot et al. [31], 2006	Leyden et al. [23], 2006	Thielitz et al. [8], 2007	Alirezai et al. [26], 2007	Gold et al. [24], 2010; Poulin et al. [25], 2011	The present study, 2020
Induction phase
Number of patients	467	189	54	242	459	110
Acne severity	Severe	Moderately severe to severe	Mild to moderate	Moderate to moderately severe	Severe	Mild to moderate
Treatment	versus			gel 0.1% versus	-BPO 2.5% gel versus	Fixed combination of adapalene 0.1% and 100-200 mg(moderate cases)
Duration	12 weeks	12 weeks	8 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks	8 weeks
Maintenance phase
Definition of responders	At least 50% improvement from baseline	At least 75% improvement from baseline	Subjects who successfully completed the combination phase entered the 12-week maintenance phase	At least moderate improvement from baseline	At least 50% global improvement after a treatment phase	At least 50% reduction in lesion counts or at least 2-grade improvements according to IGA score from baseline
Number of patients	253	110	49	136	243	50 (split-face study)
Treatment	Adapalene gel 0.1% versus vehicle	versus versus capsules	Adapalene daily versus adapalene in alternation with its vehicle versus vehicle	Adapalene gel 0.1% versus vehicle	Adapalene-BPO 2.5% gel versus vehicle	Moisturizer with and without the active ingredients containing of licochalcone A, 1,2-decanediol, L-carnitine, and salicylic acid
Duration	16 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks	24 weeks	12 weeks
Maintenance rate	Adapalene maintenance therapy resulted in significantly larger maintenance rate of total lesions compared with vehicle (75% vs. 54%; )	At week 12, more than 80% of patients in each group had maintained a 50% improvement in total lesions from baseline with no significance	Adapalene daily maintenance therapy resulted in higher maintenance rate of total lesions (68% vs. 59% vs. 41%), however no statistical significance	Adapalene maintenance therapy resulted in significantly larger maintenance rate of total lesions compared with vehicle (84.7% vs. 63.5%; )	At week 24, adapalene-BPO gel resulted in significantly higher maintenance rate for total lesions (78% vs. 45.8%; )	The treatment group had a significantly higher maintenance rate for mean total lesion count between baseline and week 12 (56%) compared to the vehicle group (36%) ()

Maintenance rate was defined as the percentage of patients who maintained at least 50% improvement in the total lesion count when entering the maintenance phase from baseline to the end of the study. BPO: benzoyl peroxide; IGA: Investigator’s Global Assessment.