Research Article
Indications Selection for Surgeons Training in the Translaminar Percutaneous Endoscopic Discectomy Based on Finite Element Analysis
Table 1
Material properties of current FEA models.
| | | Young’s modules (MPa) | Poisson ratio | Cross-sectional areas (mm2) | Element types | Element sizes (mm) |
| | Cortical | 12000 | 0.3 | | | 2.0 | | Cancellous | 100 | 0.2 | | | 3.5 | | Posterior structures | 3500 | 0.25 | | | 2.8 | | Endplates | 1000 | 0.4 | — | Tetrahedral | 0.8 | | Cartilages | 10 | 0.4 | | | 0.6 | | Annulus | 4.2 | 0.1 | | | 1.3 | | Nucleus | 1 | 0.499 | | | 1.8 | | Capsules | 7.5 (a < 25%) | 33 (>25%) | 0.3 | 30 | | — | | ALL | 8 (<12%) | 21 (>12%) | 0.3 | 60 | | — | | PLL | 11 (<11%) | 22 (>11%) | 0.3 | 21 | | — | | LF | 15 (<6.2%) | 19 (>6.2%) | 0.3 | 60 | Cable | — | | ITL | 10 (<18%) | 59 (>18%) | 0.3 | 10 | | — | | ISL | 10 (<14%) | 12 (>14%) | 0.3 | 40 | | — | | SSL | 9 (<20%) | 16 (<20%) | 0.3 | 30 | | — |
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ALL: anterior longitudinal ligament; PLL: posterior longitudinal ligament; LF: ligamentum flavum; ITL: intertransverse ligament; ISL: interspinous ligament; SSL: supraspinous ligament (SSL).
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