The Impact of Bioactive Surfaces in the Early Stages of Osseointegration: An In Vitro Comparative Study Evaluating the HAnano® and SLActive® Super Hydrophilic Surfaces

Figure 5

Overview of molecular mechanisms triggered by the HAnano® surface in osteoblasts. This scheme depicts the main biological mechanisms triggered by the HAnano-modified surface in osteoblast responses. When in contact with the surface, osteoblast upmodulates the activity of a set of genes related with cell adhesion at early 3 and 24 hours and further compromises the expression of genes related with osteoblast differentiation. Importantly, calcium and phosphate ions are hypothesized to be released as described within current literature which triggers signaling pathway upstream activating osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Altogether, these biological stages of osteoblast biology culminate on osteogenesis process and are expected being recapitulated during osseointegration of dental implants.