The Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A PRISMA Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Paraclinical Characteristics

Table 7

A meta-analysis of imaging study outcomes.

CT group	Number of studies	Effect size and 95% confidence interval			Test of null (2-tail)		Heterogeneity
Outcome		Point estimate	Lower limit	Upper limit	value	value	squared
Total (CT+)	20	0.923	0.877	0.953	9.290	0.000	81.398
(1) Ground-glass opacification (GGO)	14	0.698	0.603	0.779	3.890	0.000	90.700
(4) Bilateral involvement	11	0.794	0.669	0.881	4.081	0.000	93.032
(5) Consolidation	11	0.378	0.264	0.508	-1.845	0.065	90.564
(3) Peripheral distribution	6	0.668	0.500	0.802	1.955	0.051	88.951
(10) Unilateral involvement	5	0.156	0.082	0.278	-4.510	0.000	71.765
() Mixed opacity	4	0.328	0.121	0.635	-1.106	0.269	97.487
(11) Air bronchogram	4	0.426	0.225	0.656	-0.618	0.537	87.500
(6) Pleural effusion	4	0.066	0.036	0.120	-7.950	0.000	14.830
(7) Adjacent pleura thickening	4	0.409	0.211	0.641	-0.764	0.445	92.842
(12) Fibrous stripes	3	0.229	0.056	0.596	-1.486	0.137	93.828
(2) Lower lung predominant	3	0.624	0.467	0.758	1.558	0.119	64.196
(8) Interlobular septal thickening	3	0.535	0.359	0.703	0.379	0.705	85.123
1 lobe affected	2	0.207	0.087	0.417	-2.608	0.009	83.897
2 lobes affected	2	0.061	0.032	0.113	-7.927	0.000	0.000
3 lobes affected	2	0.105	0.047	0.220	-4.796	0.000	57.131
4 lobes affected	2	0.099	0.060	0.157	-8.135	0.000	0.000
5 lobes affected	2	0.394	0.312	0.483	-2.331	0.020	18.313
(9) Cavitation	2	0.012	0.002	0.082	-4.350	0.000	0.000
Crazy-paving pattern	2	0.222	0.067	0.530	-1.786	0.074	92.080
Linear opacities	2	0.630	0.555	0.699	3.372	0.001	0.000