Relationship between Surgery under General Anesthesia and the Development of Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Figure 5

Forest plots for subgroups based on case ascertainment: standard criteria and clinical diagnosis. Whereas the pooled effect size of the studies, which clinically diagnosed dementia, showed a significant positive association between general anesthesia and dementia, inversely negative association was observed among the studies using standard diagnostic criteria of dementia.