Research Article
Antimania-Like Effect of Panax ginseng Regulating the Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in REM-Sleep Deprivation Rats
Figure 2
Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) validation of the glutamatergic synapse and amphetamine addiction pathway genes. Expressions of the glutamatergic synapse and amphetamine addiction pathway genes were determined using the qRT-PCR in the prefrontal cortex of the control, sleep deprivation (SD), and Panax ginseng (PG)-treated SD rats. The histogram reveals the expression levels of genes as . Expression levels were normalized against ubiquitin C (Ubc). The experiments were repeated in duplicates ( for each group per experiment). compared to the control group; † compared to the SD group.