Antimania-Like Effect of Panax ginseng Regulating the Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in REM-Sleep Deprivation Rats

Table 1

Gene-enrichment analysis on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by Panax ginseng (PG) in sleep deprivation (SD) rats.

KEGG MapID	Map name	No. of genes	Genes	value	FDR; value
04724	Glutamatergic synapse	6	Grin3a, Slc1a2, Slc1a3, Grik3, Adcy1, Gng2	< 0.0001	0.0001
04371	Apelin signaling pathway	6	Nos1, Spp1, Prkce, Adcy1, Klf2, Gng2	< 0.0001	0.0002
05418	Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis	5	Dusp1, Mgst1, Bmp4, Klf2, Bmpr1b	0.0001	0.0027
04062	Chemokine signaling pathway	5	Shc3, Ccl4, Adcy1, Gng2, Gsk3b	0.0001	0.0037
04024	cAMP signaling pathway	5	Grin3a, Pde4d, Camk2a, Atp2b4, Adcy1	0.0001	0.0043
05032	Morphine addiction	4	Pde4d, Gabrb2, Adcy1, Gng2	0.0003	0.0072
04713	Circadian entrainment	4	Nos1, Camk2a, Adcy1, Gng2	0.0003	0.0073
04919	Thyroid hormone signaling pathway	4	Thrb, Bmp4, Pdpk1, Gsk3b	0.0006	0.0105
04722	Neurotrophin signaling pathway	4	Shc3, Camk2a, Pdpk1, Gsk3b	0.0007	0.0110
04550	Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells	4	Bmp4, Inhba, Bmpr1b, Gsk3b	0.0009	0.0135
04261	Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes	4	Cacng4, Camk2a, Atp2b4, Adcy1	0.0010	0.0135
04921	Oxytocin signaling pathway	4	Cacng4, Camk2a, Adcy1, Myl6	0.0012	0.0146
04390	Hippo signaling pathway	4	Bmp4, Bmpr1b, Dlg2, Gsk3b	0.0012	0.0146
04360	Axon guidance	4	Camk2a, Bmpr1b, Robo3, Gsk3b	0.0018	0.0192
05200	Pathways in cancer	5	Bmp4, Adcy1, Zbtb16, Gng2, Gsk3b	0.0019	0.0196
04020	Calcium signaling pathway	4	Nos1, Camk2a, Atp2b4, Adcy1	0.0021	0.0199
04510	Focal adhesion	4	Shc3, Spp1, Pdpk1, Gsk3b	0.0026	0.0228
05031	Amphetamine addiction	3	Grin3a, Camk2a, Arc	0.0037	0.0309
04970	Salivary secretion	3	Nos1, Atp2b4, Adcy1	0.0051	0.0402
05206	MicroRNAs in cancer	4	Mir27b, Mir128-1, Mir26a, Prkce	0.0057	0.0419
04925	Aldosterone synthesis and secretion	3	Camk2a, Prkce, Adcy1	0.0058	0.0419
04350	TGF-beta signaling pathway	3	Bmp4, Inhba, Bmpr1b	0.0062	0.0422
04012	ErbB signaling pathway	3	Shc3, Camk2a, Gsk3b	0.0065	0.0422
04727	GABAergic synapse	3	Gabrb2, Adcy1, Gng2	0.0068	0.0422
04080	Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction	4	Grin3a, Thrb, Gabrb2, Grik3	0.0070	0.0422
04916	Melanogenesis	3	Camk2a, Adcy1, Gsk3b	0.0081	0.0470

Gene-enrichment analysis for DEGs was performed based on the KEGG pathway database (https://www.genome.jp/kegg/). The values were calculated based on a modified Fisher’s exact test. The false discovery rate (FDR) was controlled by adjusting the value using the Benjamini-Hochberg algorithm.