|
| Three aspects of proximal factors given in the Need-driven Dementia-compromised Behaviour model | Themes for each aspect | Examples of each theme |
|
| Personal needs | Negative emotional state | Unfamiliarity (1, 4, 5) |
| Stress (20) |
| Confusion (7) |
|
| Personal needs | Unmet physiological needs | Wrong diet (10, 11) |
| Hunger and overeating (12) |
| Lack of movement (13) |
| Lack of sleep (14, 15) |
| Toilet needs (17) |
|
| Personal needs | A mismatch between functional ability and performance | Lack of freedom of movement (18, 19) |
| Break of routine (21, 22) |
|
| Physical environment | Unsuitable light level | Not enough light to see clearly (31) |
|
| Physical environment | Unsuitable sound level | Too low (23) |
| Too high (24, 25, 26, 27) |
| Echo (28, 29, 30) |
|
| Physical environment | Unsuitable temperature | Too low or high (36) |
|
| Physical environment | Number of people in the surroundings | Too many people walking in the surroundings (32, 33, 34) |
| Staying by oneself in a room for too long (35) |
|
| Physical environment | Smell | Unpleasant smell (37, 38) |
|
| Physical environment | Weather | Lack of sunshine (3, 40) |
| Bad weather has a negative influence (39) |
|
| Physical environment | Interior decoration | Match personal identity (41) |
|
| Social environment | Caregiver demeanour | Lack of interaction with PwD (42) |
|
| Social environment | Family visit | The contrast during and after the family visit (6) |
| Tiredness after a family visit (8, 51) |
| A family member could give more rules to PwD (49, 52) |
|
| Social environment | Other staff visits | Normally do not interact with PwD (43) |
|
| Social environment | Fellow residents | Realising oneself is different from the others (48) |
| Disliking the behaviours of other residents (44, 45) |
| Physical closeness and interactions are normally negative (46, 47) |
|
