BioMed Research International

Research Article

Evaluation of Lateral-Flow Assay for Rapid Detection of Influenza Virus

Table 1

Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis.
AuthorYearCountryStudy designReference standard methodTest technologyRapid influenza testsAge stageSample typeSample sourceType of influenza virusThe number
of samples		TPFPFNTN
Poehling et al.2002The United StatesProspectiveCulture+PCRLFIAQuickVueChildren (0 to 19 years old)Nasal swabHospitalInfluenza A (H3N2)2331455209
Quach et al.2002CanadaProspectiveCultureLFIAQuickVueChildrenNasopharyngeal aspiratesHospitalInfluenza A and B virus300424311204
Cazacu et al.2003The United StatesProspectiveCultureLFIAQuickVueChildren (3 months to 28 years)Nasal wash specimensHospitalInfluenza A and B virus35638716295
Stripeli et al.2010GreeceProspectiveRT-PCRLFIAQuickVueChildren (6 months to 14 years old)Nasal swabPediatricianInfluenza A virus (H3N2)21727713170
Patel et al.2011GermanyProspectiveRT-PCRNALFAThe rapidSTRIPE assayUnclearNasal swabPatient centersInfluenza A (H1N1)1749241365
Kim et al.2012KoreaProspectiveRT-PCRLFIARDT kitUnclearNasal swabHospitalInfluenza A (H1N1)21575417119
Sun et al.2013ChinaRetrospectiveRT-PCRLFIAIC-SEDUnclearNasopharyngeal swabHospitalInfluenza A (H1N1)6051009
Ge et al.2013ChinaProspectiveCulture+RT-PCRNALFART-LAMP-LFDUnclear65 pharyngeal swabs, 7 sputa, and 8 tracheal aspiratesUnclearInfluenza A (H7N9)80220058
Leonardi et al.2013The United StatesProspectiveRT-PCRLFIAQuickVueChildren 12 and under vs. adultsNasopharyngeal swabUnclearInfluenza A virus1416622449
Leonardi et al.2013The United StatesProspectiveRT-PCRLFIAQuickVueChildren 12 and under vs. adultsNasopharyngeal swabUnclearInfluenza B virus781611150
Leonardi et al.2013The United StatesProspectiveRT-PCRLFIASofiaChildren 12 and under vs. adultsNasopharyngeal swabUnclearInfluenza A virus1417201851
Leonardi et al.2013The United StatesProspectiveRT-PCRLFIASofiaChildren 12 and under vs. adultsNasopharyngeal swabUnclearInfluenza B virus78220551
Zazueta-Garcia et al.2014MexicoRetrospectiveRT-PCRLFIAThe Xpect Flu A&B KitChildrenNasopharyngeal washesHospitalInfluenza A (H1N1)11334102445
Sakurai et al.2015JapanProspectiveRT-PCRLFIALFIC-AB0 to 77 years oldNasal swabUnclearInfluenza A129741054
Sakurai et al.2015JapanProspectiveRT-PCRLFIALFIC-AB0 to 77 years oldNasal swabUnclearInfluenza B145900154
Sakurai et al.2015JapanProspectiveRT-PCRLFIALFIC-AB2 to 77 years oldSelf-blow nasal discharge specimensUnclearInfluenza A125704051
Sakurai et al.2015JapanProspectiveRT-PCRLFIALFIC-AB2 to 77 years oldSelf-blow nasal discharge specimensUnclearInfluenza B121646051
Sakurai et al.2015JapanProspectiveRT-PCRLFIALFIC-AB0 to 45 years oldNasopharyngeal aspiratesUnclearInfluenza A142731266
Sakurai et al.2015JapanProspectiveRT-PCRLFIALFIC-AB0 to 45 years oldNasopharyngeal aspiratesUnclearInfluenza B124562066
Ma et al.2018ChinaProspectiveRT-PCRNALFALFD-RPAUnclearSwabs and serumCenter for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Influenza A (H7N9)50210029
Zhang et al.2019ChinaProspectiveRT-PCRLFIAHRP-LFIAUnclearNasopharyngeal swabCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Influenza A6285526565
Zhang et al.2019ChinaProspectiveRT-PCRLFIAHRP-LFIAUnclearNasopharyngeal swabCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Influenza B39071015292
Zhang et al.2019ChinaProspectiveRT-PCRLFIAHRP-LFIAUnclearOropharyngeal swabCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Influenza A64745023579
Zhang et al.2019ChinaProspectiveRT-PCRLFIAHRP-LFIAUnclearOropharyngeal swabCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Influenza B70545232626