Research Article
No Benefit of Hemostatic Drugs on Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Cirrhosis
Table 1
Overall analysis of the difference between hemostatic drugs and no hemostatic drugs group.
| | Variables | No. Pts | Overall | No. Pts | Hemostatic drug group | No. Pts | No hemostatic drug group | value |
| | Age (years) | 982 | 56.01 (6.28-95.13)
| 870 | 56.01 (6.28-95.13)
| 112 | 55.45 (24.92-84.77)
| 0.536 | | Sex (male) (%) | 982 | 688 (70.10%) | 870 | 608 (69.90%) | 112 | 80 (71.40%) | 0.737 | | Cancer (%) | 982 | 189 (19.20%) | 870 | 169 (19.40%) | 112 | 20 (17.90%) | 0.692 | | Liver cancer (%) | 982 | 160 (16.30%) | 870 | 142 (16.30%) | 112 | 18 (16.10%) | 0.946 | | Extrahepatic cancer (%) | 982 | 29 (3.00%) | 870 | 27 (3.10%) | 112 | 2 (1.80%) | 0.438 | | Clinical features of AUGIB (%) | | | | | | | | | Hematemesis (%) | 982 | 587 (59.80%) | 870 | 541 (62.20%) | 112 | 46 (41.10%) | <0.001 | | Melena (%) | 982 | 770 (78.40%) | 870 | 675 (77.60%) | 112 | 95 (84.80%) | 0.080 | | Hematemesis and melena (%) | 982 | 375 (38.20%) | 870 | 346 (39.80%) | 112 | 29 (25.90%) | 0.004 | | Etiology of liver diseases | 982 | | 870 | | 112 | | 0.305 | | HBV (%) | 982 | 399 (40.60%) | 870 | 359 (41.30%) | 112 | 40 (35.70%) | 0.260 | | HCV (%) | 982 | 83 (8.50%) | 870 | 75 (8.60%) | 112 | 8 (7.10%) | 0.597 | | Alcohol abuse (%) | 982 | 354 (36.00%) | 870 | 315 (36.20%) | 112 | 39 (34.80%) | 0.774 | | HBV+alcohol abuse (%) | 982 | 106 (10.80%) | 870 | 94 (10.80%) | 112 | 12 (10.70%) | 0.977 | | HCV+alcohol abuse (%) | 982 | 18 (1.80%) | 870 | 14 (1.60%) | 112 | 4 (3.60%) | 0.145 | | Other or unknown etiology (%) | 982 | 186 (18.90%) | 870 | 159 (18.30%) | 112 | 27 (24.10%) | 0.138 | | Endoscopic evaluation of EV (%) | 982 | 563 (57.30%) | 870 | 503 (57.80%) | 112 | 60 (53.60%) | 0.393 | | No EV (%) | 982 | 34 (3.50%) | 870 | 26 (3.00%) | 112 | 8 (7.10%) | 0.024 | | Mild EV (%) | 982 | 27 (2.70%) | 870 | 26 (3.00%) | 112 | 1 (0.90%) | 0.202 | | Moderate EV (%) | 982 | 66 (6.70%) | 870 | 60 (6.90%) | 112 | 6 (5.40%) | 0.540 | | Severe EV (%) | 982 | 437 (44.50%) | 870 | 392 (45.10%) | 112 | 45 (40.20%) | 0.328 | | Laboratory tests | | | | | | | | | Red Blood Cell (1012/L) | 973 | 2.54 (0.79-5.94)
| 864 | 2.52 (0.79-5.49)
| 109 | 2.81 (1.21-5.08)
| 0.002 | | Hemoglobin (g/L) | 974 | 72.00 (19.00-180.00)
| 865 | 72.00 (19.00-180.00)
| 109 | 75.00 (31.00-170.00)
| 0.165 | | White blood cell (109/L) | 974 | 4.90 (0.80-46.10)
| 865 | 4.90 (0.80-46.10)
| 109 | 4.50 (1.10-30.70)
| 0.658 | | Platelet (109/L) | 974 | 76.00 (9.00-842.00)
| 865 | 75.00 (9.00-775.00)
| 109 | 84.00 (17.00-842.00)
| 0.010 | | Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 964 | 20.70 (3.30-553.60)
| 855 | 20.60 (3.30-553.60)
| 109 | 22.60 (5.90-241.40)
| 0.857 | | Albumin (g/L) | 949 | 29.90 (9.60-49.30)
| 841 | 29.60 (9.60-49.30)
| 108 | 31.45 (13.60-48.40)
| 0.002 | | Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 962 | 24.00 (5.00-1064.00)
| 853 | 24.00 (5.00-1064.00)
| 109 | 24.00 (5.00-438.00)
| 0.764 | | Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 962 | 32.00 (7.00-1487.00)
| 853 | 32.00 (7.00-1487.00)
| 109 | 31.00 (13.00-994.00)
| 0.906 | | Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 962 | 74.90 (1.30-889.00)
| 853 | 73.00 (1.30-889.00)
| 109 | 84.00 (28.00-868.00)
| 0.002 | | Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (U/L) | 962 | 40.00 (5.00-1168.00)
| 853 | 39.00 (5.00-1168.00)
| 109 | 48.00 (10.00-994.00)
| 0.126 | | Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 932 | 7.81 (1.54-55.01)
| 827 | 7.94 (1.54-49.19)
| 105 | 6.19 (2.22-55.01)
| <0.001 | | Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 930 | 60.20 (20.00-1189.00)
| 825 | 61.00 (20.00-1189.00)
| 105 | 57.00 (28.00-919.00)
| 0.154 | | Potassium (mmol/L) | 952 | 4.07 (2.13-7.87)
| 845 | 4.09 (2.13-7.87)
| 107 | 4.00 (2.79-5.80)
| 0.003 | | Sodium (mmol/L) | 952 | 138.60 (83.00-160.80)
| 845 | 138.70 (83.00-160.10)
| 107 | 138.00 (118.70-160.80)
| 0.146 | | Prothrombin time (seconds) | 922 | 16.20 (10.80-62.80)
| 816 | 16.30 (11.00-62.80)
| 106 | 14.95 (10.80-40.90)
| <0.001 | | INR | 920 | 1.31 (0.77-7.96)
| 814 | 1.33 (0.79-7.96)
| 106 | 1.18 (0.77-4.19)
| <0.001 | | Child-Pugh score | 901 | 7.00 (5.00-15.00)
| 798 | 7.00 (5.00-15.00)
| 103 | 7.00 (5.00-14.00)
| 0.187 | | Child-Pugh class A/B/C (%) | 901 | 256 (28.40%)/476 (52.80%)/169 (18.80%) | 798 | 215 (26.90%)/433
(54.30%)/150 (18.80%) | 103 | 41 (39.80%)/43
(41.70%)/19 (18.40%) | 0.018 | | MELD score | 895 | 6.60 (-7.52-40.95)
| 795 | 6.74 (-7.44-39.17)
| 100 | 5.21 (-7.52-40.95)
| 0.056 | | Vasoactive drugs (%) | 982 | 892 (90.80%) | 870 | 815 (93.70%) | 112 | 77 (68.80%) | <0.001 | | Somatostatin (%) | 982 | 814 (82.90%) | 870 | 755 (86.80%) | 112 | 59 (50.40%) | <0.001 | | Octreotide (%) | 982 | 379 (38.60%) | 870 | 332 (38.20%) | 112 | 47 (42.00%) | 0.436 | | Proton-pump inhibitors (%) | 982 | 967 (98.50%) | 870 | 864 (99.30%) | 112 | 103 (92.00%) | <0.001 | | Red blood cell transfusion (%) | 982 | 611 (62.20%) | 870 | 561 (64.50%) | 112 | 50 (44.60%) | <0.001 | | Antibiotics (%) | 982 | 468 (47.70%) | 870 | 416 (47.80%) | 112 | 52 (46.40%) | 0.782 | | 5-day rebleeding (%) | 981 | 163 (16.60%) | 869 | 157 (18.10%) | 112 | 6 (5.40%) | 0.001 | | In-hospital death (%) | 982 | 67 (6.80%) | 870 | 62 (7.10%) | 112 | 5 (4.50%) | 0.293 |
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Abbreviations: Pts: patients; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCV: hepatitis C virus; AUGIB: acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding; INR: international normalized ratio; APTT: activated partial thromboplastin time; MELD: model for end-stage liver disease; EV: esophageal varices.
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