Preclinical Development of Mahanine-Enriched Fraction from Indian Spice Murraya koenigii for the Management of Cancer: Efficacy, Temperature/pH stability, Pharmacokinetics, Acute and Chronic Toxicity (14-180 Days) Studies

Table 2

Comparison of five different methods for the preparation of MEF from M. koenigii leaflets.

Steps	Method 1	Method 2	Method 3	Method 4	Method 5
Dry leaflets (starting material)	50 grams	50 grams	50 grams	50 grams	50 grams
Infusion with water (50°C)	Water fraction was discarded	Water fraction was discarded	—	—	—
Maceration with solvent for (72 h)	Ethanol (water-extracted leaflet residue)	Ethanol : H2O (95 : 05) (water-extracted leaflet residue)	Ethanol : H2O (95 : 05)	Ethanol : H2O (90 : 10)	Ethanol : H2O (80 : 20)
Weight of extract (grams) (yield %)	4.12 (8.24)	4.00 (8.0)	4.9 (9.8)	6.0 (12)	7.86 (15.72)
Mahanine (%) in extract by HPLC	39.0	40.1	35.4	32.6	20.0
Fractionation with ethyl acetate : water (3 : 1); Weight of fraction (final product in grams)	3.92	3.66	3.24	3.25	2.91
Yield (%) (amount of fraction/100 grams of dry leaflets)	7.8	7.3	6.5	6.5	5.8
Comparison of mahanine (%) in extract and fraction by HPLC	Enriched to 39.8	Enriched to 45.0	Enriched to 44.6	Enriched to 43.3	Enriched to 42.2
Total amount of mahanine in final product (mg)	1560	1640	1450	1410	1230

Five different methods showing the enrichment of the mahanine percent yield of MEF. This experiment was repeated at least thrice to confirm the results.