Space Radiation Biology for “Living in Space”

Table 2

Biological effects of radiation and μG in space experiments.

Interactive effects	Species	Biological index	Flight time	Irradiation^a	Ref.
No	Human blood	Chromosomal aberration	12 h	+ ^32P, β-rays	[167]
	E. coli, S. cerevisiae	DSB and SSB repair	14 d	Pre-X-rays	[168]
	S. cerevisiae	DSB repair	10 d	Pre-X-rays	[169]
	E. coli, S. cerevisiae	SOS response	2–4 d	Pre-X-rays	[170]
	Human blood	Chromosomal aberration	8 d	Pre- and post-γ-rays	[171]
Yes, ↑	D. melanogaster	Larval mortality	45 h	+ ^85Sr, γ-rays	[172]
	C. morosus	Abnormality	7 d	No	[173]
	S. cerevisiae	DSB repair	9 d	No	[174]
	D. melanogaster	Mutation	8 d	No	[175]
	D. discoideum	Spore formation	9 d	No	[176]
	Human blood	Chromosomal aberration	10–485 d	Pre- and post-X-rays	[177]
Yes, ↓	N. crassa	Cell killing, mutation	45 h	+ ^85Sr, γ-rays	[172]
	D. radiodurans	Cell killing	14 d	Pre-γ-rays	[178]

E. coli: Escherichia coli; S. cerevisiae: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; D. melanogaster: Drosophila melanogaster; C. morosus: Carausius morosus; D. discoideum: Dictyostelium discoideum; N. crassa: Neurospora crassa; D. radiodurans: Deinococcus radiodurans; DSB: DNA double-strand breaks; SSB: DNA single-strand breaks; h: hours; d: days. ^a+ means simultaneous irradiation with spaceflight.