Hepatitis B Infection and Mother-to-Child Transmission in Haiphong, Vietnam: A Cohort Study with Implications for Interventions

Table 3

Factors associated with infant’s HBV infection at 12-month follow-up ().

Infant’s characteristics		Infant with positive HBsAg, (%)	Crude OR^a, OR [95% CI]	Adjusted OR^b, OR [95% CI]	value^c
Mother’s HBeAg status at delivery	HBeAg (-)	2 (1.7)	Ref.	Ref.	<0.001
	HBeAg (+)	10 (34.5)	31.3 [6.4-154.1]	65.8 [7.3-594.1]
Mother’s HBV DNA level at delivery	<200,000 IU/mL (10^6 copies/mL)	11 (7.6)	Ref.
	≥200,000 IU/mL (10^6 copies/mL)	1 (16.7)	2.4 [0.3-22.6]
Mother’s HBV peripartum antiviral therapy	Yes	1 (3.4)	Ref.
	No	11 (9.1)	2.8 [0.3-22.6]
Having any family members infected with HBV^d	No	7 (5.5)	Ref.	Ref.	0.119
	Yes	5 (21.7)	4.8 [1.4-16.6]	4.0 [0.7-23.4]
Mode of delivery	Vaginal	8 (8.0)	Ref.
	Caesarean	4 (8.0)	1.0 [0.3-3.5]
Infant’s sex	Female	7 (9.7)	Ref.
	Male	5 (6.4)	1.6 [0.5-5.2]
Infant’s HBV birth dose vaccination	Yes	11 (7.4)	Ref.	Ref.	0.057
	No	1 (50.0)	12.5 [0.7-212.9]	36.1 [0.9-1459.5]
Infant’s HBIG immunization	Yes	7 (5.7)	Ref.	Ref.	0.181
	No	5 (18.5)	3.8 [1.1-12.9]	3.4 [0.6-19.9]
Infant’s scheduled HBV vaccination	Completed	10 (7.0)	Ref.	Ref.	0.593
	Uncompleted	2 (25.0)	4.4 [0.8-24.7]	2.1 [0.1-31.2]
Infant feeding (during 12 months of age)	Breast-fed only	4 (8.5)	Ref.
	Bottle-fed (and/or other food)	3 (5.8)	0.7 [0.1-3.1]
	Mixed (breast-fed+bottle-fed and/or other food)	5 (9.8)	1.2 [0.3-4.6]

^aUnivariate analysis; ^bmultiple logistic regression; ^clikelihood-ratio test; ^dincluding infant’s father HBV infection status. OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval. .