Phytochemical Analysis, Anti-inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities of Dendropanax dentiger Roots

Table 1

Compounds identified from the roots of D. dentiger by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS in positive/negative ion mode.

No.	RT (min)	Ion mode	Molecular weight	Measured mass	Error (ppm)	Molecular formula	Fragments	Identification	Reference
Phenylpropanoids
17	5.03	[M-H]^-	342.09508	341.08806	0.7	C15H18O9	191.0568^a, 179.0351, 173.0458, 135.0467, 93.0375	Caffeoyl hexose	16
18	5.23	[M-H]^-	354.09508	353.08806	0.7	C16H18O9	353.0872, 191.0571^a, 179.0356, 161.0254	Chlorogenic acid	16
19	5.59	[M-H]^-	326.10017	325.09321	1	C15H18O8	176.0497, 163.0405, 145.0302, 119.0524^a, 114.0389, 59.0167	Coumaric acid glucoside	17
21	5.91	[M-H]^-	180.04226	179.03629	4.3	C9H8O4	135.0461^a, 134.0386, 89.0430	Caffeic acid	18
22	6.89	[M-H]^-	338.10017	337.0932	0.9	C16H18O8	191.0574^a, 173.0460, 163.0410, 119.0529, 93.0385	3-p-COQA	19
26	7.93	[M-H]^-	368.11073	367.10358	0.3	C17H20O9	193.0511, 191.0567^a, 134.0389, 93.0377	Methyl 4-caffeoylquinate	19
27	8.12	[M-H]^-	504.18429	503.17658	-0.9	C22H32O13	503.1761^a, 341.1243, 221.0673, 161.0474, 101.0269	Tinoscorside D	20
31	9.56	[M-H]^-	742.26842	741.26178	0.9	C34H46O18	417.1571^a, 402.1310, 181.0524, 166.0289	Syringaresinol-4,4-bis-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	21
36	10.77	[M-H]^-	472.19446	471.18683	-0.8	C22H32O11	189.0565, 163.0773, 134.0381, 105.0375^a, 89.0250, 71.0169	Eugenol rutinoside	22
38	11.00	[M-H]^-	624.20542	623.19799	-0.3	C29H36O15	623.1974^a, 461.1662, 179.0354, 161.0254^a, 135.0459	Verbascoside	23
40	12.49	[M-H]^-	580.21559	579.20843	0.2	C28H36O13	417.1550, 402.1323, 387.1019, 181.0516^a, 166.0279, 151.0047	Syringaresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	21
42	13.18	[M-H]^-	516.12678	515.11912	-0.7	C25H24O12	353.0878, 191.0566, 179.0359, 173.0466^a, 161.0255, 135.0467	3,5-di-O-Caffeoylquinic acid	24
50	15.03	[M-H]^-	500.13186	499.12418	-0.8	C25H24O11	353.0878, 337.0925, 191.0569, 179.0361, 173.0467^a, 135.0463	4-PCO-5-CQA	19
54	16.76	[M-H]^-	208.07356	207.06732	5	C11H12O4	161.0258, 135.0466, 133.0313^a	Caffeic acid ethyl ester	21
55	17.52	[M-H]^-	524.22576	523.21801	-0.9	C26H36O11	361.1659^a, 346.1430, 317.1404, 231.0668, 161.0257	Secoisolariciresinol hexose	16
Alkaloids
2	1.51	[M + H]^+	135.0545	136.06184	0.5	C5H5N5	136.0627, 119.0356^a, 107.0489, 92.0260, 91.0554^a, 65.0414	Adenine	18
3	1.54	[M + H]^+	181.07389	182.08102	-0.8	C9H11NO3	119.0492, 91.0561^a, 77.0414, 65.0423	Tyrosine	25
4	1.59	[M + H]^+	267.09675	268.10379	-0.9	C10H13N5O4	136.0622^a, 119.0360	Adenosine	18
5	1.65	[M + H]^+	283.09167	284.09882	-0.5	C10H13N5O5	152.0569^a, 135.0308, 110.0364	Guanosine	25
6	1.71	[M + H]^+	131.09463	132.10211	1.5	C6H13NO2	86.0987^a, 72.9415, 69.0718, 57.0693, 55.9383, 55.0230	Isoleucine	25
7	1.72	[M + H]^+	275.13689	276.14402	-0.5	C12H21NO6	276.1431, 258.1327, 230.1383^a, 212.1256, 87.0330	Glutarylcarnitine	26
9	2.55	[M + H]^+	165.07898	166.08619	-0.4	C9H11NO2	120.0811, 13.0550, 77.0412^a	Phenylalanine	27
23	7.16	[M + H]^+	341.16271	342.17031	1	C20H23NO4	342.1718, 297.1133, 282.0899, 265.0867^a, 222.0899, 58.0696	Magnoflorine	26
24	7.31	[M + H]^+	327.14706	328.15459	0.8	C19H21NO4	328.1557, 178.0862^a, 163,0627, 151,0759	Stepholidine	28
37	10.85	[M + H]^+	277.11028	278.11756	0	C18H15NO2	278.1183, 263.0948, 220.1129, 204.0813^a	Dehydroroemerine	27
44	13.79	[M + H]^+	589.2887	590.29653	0.9	C31H43NO10	590.2971^a, 572.2870, 558.2670, 540.2608, 508.2340	Benzoylmesaconine	26
48	14.94	[M + H]^+	603.30435	604.31125	-0.6	C32H45NO10	604.3141^a, 554.2761, 242.1194	Benzoylaconine	26
49	15.00	[M + H]^+	335.11576	336.1233	0.8	C20H17NO4	336.1244, 321.1012, 320.0937^a, 306.0774, 292.0981, 278.0822	Berberine	26
52	15.83	[M + H]^+	573.29378	574.30155	0.9	C31H43NO9	574.3045^a, 542.2772, 510.2458, 105.0336	Benzoylhypaconine	26
57	17.95	[M + H]^+	615.30435	616.31177	0.2	C33H45NO10	616.3162^a, 556.2911, 524.2635, 338.1757, 161.0597	Hypaconitine	26
Flavonoids
25	7.41	[M-H]^-	594.15847	593.15094	-0.4	C27H30O15	593.1523, 503.1208, 473.1098, 383.0778, 353.0675^a, 297.0772	Apigenin-6,8-di-C-glucoside	17
29	8.66	[M-H]^-	564.14791	563.14072	0.2	C26H28O14	563.1414, 545.1304, 503.1196, 473.1092, 443.0980, 383.0781, 353.0676^a, 297.0786, 173.0466, 93.0369	Schaftoside	19
30	8.91	[M-H]^-	448.10056	447.09339	0.2	C21H20O11	357.0627, 339.0514, 327.0523^a, 299.0569, 297.0410, 133.0307	Isoorientin	19
32	10.07	[M-H]^-	432.10565	431.09862	0.6	C21H20O10	431.0991, 341.0666, 311.0567, 293.0454, 283.0616^a, 161.0247, 117.0365	Vitexin	19
33	10.11	[M-H]^-	610.15339	609.14652	0.7	C27H30O16	609.1490, 447.1153, 301.0363, 300.0284^a, 271.0259, 255.0310, 161.0249	Rutin	19
34	10.15	[M + H]^+	464.09548	465.10317	0.9	C21H20O12	303.0504^a, 257.0444, 201.0546, 85.0309	Myricitrin	29
35	10.34	[M-H]^-	580.14282	579.13562	0.1	C26H28O15	579.1365, 285.0411^a	Luteolin-7-O-xylosyl-glucoside	19
39	11.76	[M-H]^-	462.11621	461.10885	-0.2	C22H22O11	461.1063, 299.0560^a, 284.0334, 256.0375	5,7,2-Trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone	30
45	14.18	[M-H]^-	492.12678	491.11956	0.1	C23H24O12	491.1189^a, 459.0923, 323.0771, 315.0732, 314.0442, 179.0361, 175.0398, 160.0178, 152.0134, 153.0208, 132.0219, 108.0286	Tricin 5-glucoside/tricin 7-glucoside	17
47	14.88	[M-H]^-	446.08491	445.07734	-0.7	C21H18O11	269.0451^a	Baicalin	30
53	16.06	[M-H]^-	286.04774	285.04067	0.7	C15H10O6	285.0414, 257.0410, 243.0281,217.0511, 201.0205, 187.0389, 175.0420, 151.0053, 133.0311^a, 132.0218, 105.0355, 83.0196, 65.0104	Luteolin	17
56	17.84	[M-H]^-	300.06339	299.05669	1.9	C16H12O6	284.0313^a, 256.0382, 227.0343, 151.0067	Diosmetin	19
61	19.12	[M + H]^+	402.13147	403.13883	0.2	C21H22O8	403.1397, 388.1151, 373.0922^a, 342.1110	Nobiletin	31
66	20.54	[M-H]^-	270.05282	269.04576	0.8	C15H10O5	269.0467^a, 241.0515, 225.0568, 213.0563, 197.0617, 181.0660, 171.0458	Apigenin	32
Fatty acids
16	4.98	[M-H]^-	176.06847	175.06192	4.1	C7H12O5	115.0411, 113.0637, 85.0689^a	Hydroxy-methylglutaric acid	33
58	18.28	[M-H]^-	228.13616	227.12906	0.8	C12H20O4	183.1407^a, 165.1305	Dihydroxy dodecadienoic acid	34
59	18.40	[M-H]^-	329.23349	329.2336	0.8	C18H34O5	329.2329, 229.1451, 211.1348, 209.1191, 171.1038^a, 139.1141, 127.1144	Trihydroxy-octadecaenoic acid	35
62	19.55	[M-H]^-	310.21441	309.20744	1	C18H30O4	209.1192^a, 207.1408, 185.1193, 163.1139, 137.0985, 125.0991, 99.0849, 97.0682, 57.0403	Dihydroxy-octadecatrienoic acid	35
65	20.54	[M-H]^-	314.24571	313.23872	0.9	C18H34O4	313.2389, 277.2178, 201.1139^a, 199.0981, 171.1029, 127.1142, 125.0980	Dihydroxy-octadecaenoic acid	35
67	20.72	[M-H]^-	312.23006	311.22326	1.5	C18H32O4	311.2234, 293.2129, 275.2005, 211.1353, 201.1141, 185.1188, 171.1040^a, 139.1145, 127.1155	Dihydroxy-octadecadienoic acid	35
68	21.47	[M + H]^+	352.26136	353.26862	-0.1	C21H36O4	261.2204, 187.1461, 145.1020, 131.0859, 107.0870, 93.0718, 81.0721^a, 67.0580	Glyceryl linolenate	36
69	23.75	[M-H]^-	294.2195	293.21295	2.5	C18H30O3	293.2114^a, 249.2220, 197.1180, 185.1186, 125.0981, 113.0987	Hydroxy-octadecatrienoic acid	35
71	28.55	[M + H]^+	354.27701	355.28463	1	C21H38O4	337.2750, 263.2377, 245.2258, 175.1478, 161.1327, 147.1159, 109.1017, 95.0862, 81.0720^a	Glyceryl linoleate	36
72	29.08	[M-H]^-	356.29266	355.28536	-0.1	C21H40O4	355.2758, 355.2918, 293.2837^a, 295.0241, 240.9931	Monoolein	22
74	30.78	[M + H]^+	330.27701	331.28412	-0.5	C19H38O4	313.2738, 109.1018, 95.0863, 85.1026, 81.0716, 71.0880, 57.0740^a	Glycerin palmitate	36
75	37.15	[M-H]^-	284.27153	283.2645	0.9	C18H36O2	283.2631^a, 282.3573, 265.2527, 199.8494	Tearic acid or its isomer	35
77	40.40	[M-H]^-	312.30283	311.29527	-0.9	C20H40O2	311.2948^a, 311.1673, 293.2749, 184.0163, 183.0121	Arachidic acid/eicosanoic acid	37
78	43.36	[M-H]^-	340.33413	339.32722	1.1	C22H44O2	339.1992, 184.0199, 183.0127^a, 119.0516	Behenic acid	22
Phenols
8	1.93	[M-H]^-	170.02152	169.0152	4.6	C7H6O5	125.0254^a, 124.0202, 97.0341, 79.0239, 69.0410	Gallic acid	38
10	2.80	[M-H]^-	316.07943	315.07253	1.2	C13H16O9	153.0201, 152.0127, 108.0246^a	3-Carboxy-4-hydroxy-phenoxy glucoside	19
11	2.94	[M-H]^-	330.09508	329.08808	0.8	C14H18O9	167.0359, 152.0128^a, 123.0474, 108.0251	Vanillic acid hexose	16
12	3.47	[M + H]^+	198.05282	199.05998	-0.6	C9H10O5	181.0440, 140.0465, 125.0234^a, 97.0297, 77.0406	Syringic acid	25
13	3.50	[M-H]^-	360.10565	359.0987	0.9	C15H20O10	197.0465, 182.0234, 167.0000, 138.0344^a, 123.0112, 95.0176	Methoxypolygoacetophenoside	33
14	3.82	[M-H]^-	256.0583	255.05159	2.2	C11H12O7	225.0399, 196.0402,181.0514, 163.0405, 148.0190^a, 135.0469, 120.0222, 109.0389, 95.0205	Piscidic acid	39
28	8.55	[M + H]^+	182.05791	183.06503	-0.8	C9H10O4	140.0463, 125.0236, 95.0504, 77.0414^a, 65.0421	Syringaldehyde	25
Steroids
63	19.56	[M + HCOO]^-	738.41904	783.41695	1	C39H62O13	783.4257, 737.4121^a	25(27)-ene-Timosaponin AIII	35
64	19.91	[M + HCOO]^-	1050.52469	1095.52283	0.9	C50H82O23	1049.5222^a, 917.4771, 887.4673, 593.3684	F-Gitonin	35
73	30.23	[M-H]^-	340.24023	339.23303	0.2	C23H32O2	339.2323, 163.1143^a	Dimethisterone	35
76	38.29	[M + H]^+	412.37052	413.37809	0.7	C29H48O	413.3786, 395.3701, 255.2108, 213.1639, 173.1328, 159.1170^a, 145.1017, 109.0658	α-Spinasterol	40
Cyclic peptides
41	12.63	[M + H]^+	678.50438	679.51224	0.8	C36H66N6O6	679.5139^a, 661.5044, 566.4337, 548.4185, 486.2149, 435.3332, 322.2482, 209.1660, 114.0932	Cyclo hexaleucyl (or isoleucyl)	35
43	13.71	[M + H]^+	791.58845	792.59618	0.6	C42H77N7O7	792.5976^a, 774.5873, 679.5137, 661.5069, 566.4308, 548.4199, 453.3648, 435.3336, 340.2605, 322.2510, 227.1767, 209.1654	Cyclo hetaleucyl (or isoleucyl)	35
46	14.58	[M + H]^+	904.67251	905.68109	1.4	C48H88N8O8	905.6811^a, 887.6715, 774.5847, 548.4196, 435.3353	Cyclo octaleucyl (or isoleucyl)	35
51	15.33	[M + H]^+	1017.75658	1018.76517	1.3	C54H99N9O9	1018.7684^a, 1000.7590, 887.6637	Cyclo nonaleucyl (or isoleucyl)	35
Terpenoids
15	4.70	[M-H]^-	376.13695	375.12984	0.5	C16H24O10	375.1307, 213.0777^a, 169.0879, 151.0776, 113.0265	Mussaenosidic acid	18
20	5.79	[M-H]^-	390.11621	389.10865	-0.7	C16H22O11	389.1098, 345.1181, 209.0459, 183.0691, 165.0554, 139.0781, 121.0672, 95.0526, 69.0405^a	Oleoside	41
60	18.59	[M-H]^-	822.40379	821.39586	-0.8	C42H62O16	821.3970^a, 351.0564	Glycyrrhizin	42
Others
1	0.90	[M-H]^-	342.11621	341.10951	1.7	C12H22O11	179.0573, 161.0463, 119.0376, 113.0272, 89.0287, 71.0195, 59.0207^a	Sucrose	43
70	24.37	[M + H]^+	278.15181	279.1589	-0.7	C16H22O4	149.0233^a, 121.0287	Dibutyl phthalate	44

^aBase peak. RT: retention time; 3-p-COQA: 3-O-trans-coumaroylquinic acid; 4-PCO-5-CQA: 4-O-feruloyl-5-coumaroylquinic acid.