Nephroprotective Role of Zhibai Dihuang Wan in Aristolochic Acid-Intoxicated Zebrafish

Figure 1

Schematic representation of experimental protocols performed in this study. Five groups (I-V) were applied in the treatment experiments based on combinations of different exposure onsets: (I) no treatment group, water only; (II) AA group, exposed to AA from 24 to 31 hpf; (III) ZDW group, exposed to ZDW from 12 to 24 hpf; (IV) ZDW, AA group (defined as pretreatment), exposed to ZDW from 12 to 24 hpf, withdrawn ZDW and followed by exposure with AA from 24 to 31 hpf; (V) ZDW+AA group (defined as cotreatment), coexposure with AA and ZDW from 24 to 31 hpf.