The First Asian, Single-Center Experience of Blastocyst Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis with HLA Matching in Thailand for the Prevention of Thalassemia and Subsequent Curative Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation of Twelve Affected Siblings

Table 2

Clinical outcomes of embryo transfer of PGD and PGD-HLA blastocysts screened for thalassemia.

	α-Thalassemia	α-Thalassemia-HLA	β-Thalassemia	β-Thalassemia-HLA	Total
Embryo transfers	33	1	43	42	119
Fresh cycles	14 (42.4%)	0	16 (37.2%)	21 (50.0%)	51 (42.9%)
Frozen cycles	19 (57.6%)	1 (100%)	27 (62.8%)	21 (50.0%)	68 (57.1%)
Embryos vitrified-warmed	32	4^d	49	25	110
Not recovered/survived^a	4 (12.5%)	1 (25.0%)	4 (8.2%)	1 (4.0%)	10 (9.1%)
Recovered and survived	28 (87.5%)	3 (75.0%)	45 (91.8%)	24 (96.0%)	100 (90.0%)
Embryos transferred	52	3	63	46	164
Embryos per transfer^b	2 (1-2)	3 (n/a)	1 (1-2)	1 (1-1)	1 (1-2)
Outcomes^c
Clinical pregnancies	19/33 (57.6%)	1/1 (100%)	25/43 (58.1%)	20/42 (47.6%)	65/119 (54.6%)
Implantations	21/52 (40.4%)	1/3 (33.3%)	31/63 (49.2%)	22/46 (47.8%)	75/164 (45.7%)
Live births	17/32 (53.1%)^e	1/1 (100%)	20/43 (46.5%)	14/42 (33.3%)	52/118 (44.1%)^e
Multiple births	2/17 (11.8%)	0/1 (0%)	4/20 (20.0%)	1/14 (7.1%)	7/52 (13.5%)
Clinical miscarriages	1/18 (5.6%)^e	0/1 (0%)	5/25 (20.0%)	6/20 (30%)	12/64 (18.8%)^e

^aEmbryos not recovered from the vitrification device upon warming or considered not to have survived the vitrification-warming process. ^bMedian (IQR). ^cAssessed by ultrasound typically at 6 to 7 weeks of pregnancy (up to 12 weeks for some cases) and defined by the presence of a fetal heartbeat. Note there was one ectopic pregnancy from the α-thalassemia group (not considered a clinical pregnancy). ^dThree embryos were warmed from one patient and one embryo from another patient, the latter of which did not survive the vitrification-warming process, and thus, this patient did not have an embryo transfer. ^eOutcome (birth or miscarriage) unknown for one α-thalassemia case with a clinical pregnancy.