Effect of Astragalus membranaceus Oral Solution on Lifespan and Learning and Memory Ability of Honey Bees

Figure 3

Effects of different concentrations of Astragalus membranaceus oral solution on the success rate of PER (a, b). The histogram of learning ability shows the percentage of bees that successfully passed the learning conditioning, and the histogram of memory ability shows the percentage of bees that achieved correct score in the PER memory test. Each group has a single error bar, which indicates the of three biological replicates. Different letters above the bars indicate significant difference (). Columns in the each graph sharing the common letters are not significantly different from each other. represents the sample size.

(a)

(b)