The Induced Membrane Technique for the Management of Segmental Tibial Defect or Nonunion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Patient demographics and preoperative characteristics.

Study	Design	of Cases^1	Age^2	Sex^3	Etiology		Defect length (cm)
					Inf.	N-Inf.
Apard et al. [10]	Retrospective	12/12	40.7 (18-74)	10/12	7	5	8.67 (5-15)
Donegan et al. [11]	Retrospective	6/11	51 (31-84)	5/6	3	3	6.25 (4-8)
El Afly et al. [15]	Prospective	13/17	43.6 (26-58)	11/13	13	0	7.92 (5-11)
Gupta et al. [16]	Prospective	9/9	35.4 (18-55)	7/9	8	1	5.26 (3.3-8.5)
Olesen et al. [17]	Retrospective	6/8	50.5 (41-70)	5/6	2	4	5.88 (2.9-9.3)
Stafford et al. [12]	Retrospective	19/25	38.7 (23-58)	16/19	5	14	4.76 (1-20)
Giannoudis et al. [18]	Prospective	11/43	39.7 (18-63)	7/11	7	4	4.49 (3.5-7.5)
Zoller et al. [19]	Retrospective	8/9	35.4 (22-53)	6/8	3	5	6 (3-10)
Ma et al. [20]	Retrospective	15/15	53.5 (35-72)	12/15	2	13	0.97 (0-3.5)
Cho et al. [21]	Retrospective	11/21	49.7 (31-74)	10/11	11	0	7.52 (3.4-15.9)
Sasaki et al. [22]	Retrospective	5/7	45.2 (24-77)	5/5	5	0	4.9 (2.5-6)
Total		115/177		94/115	66	49

Inf.: infected non-union; N-inf.: noninfected nonunion. ¹Values were given as the number of patients with a tibial defect/total number of patients in each study. ²Values were given according to the year as the mean age and age range of patients with only a tibial defect. ³Values were given as the number of male patients/total number of patients included in this review.