Effects of the Immobilization of the Upper Extremities on Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters during Walking in Stroke Patients: A Preliminary Study

Table 2

Comparison of spatiotemporal gait parameters while walking based on upper extremity immobilization.

Parameters	SW^a	SWI^b	FW^c	FWI^d	F	value	Post hoc test^e; ( value)
Stride length (cm)					18.886	0.001	1 (0.040); 2 (0.001); 3 (0.037); 4 (0.001); 5 (0.001)
Step width (cm)					5.625	0.001	1 (0.006); 4 (0.028)
Double stance phase (%)					13.239	0.001	2 (0.017); 4 (0.001); 5 (0.001)
Stride time (sec)					18.175	0.001	2 (0.001); 4 (0.001); 5 (0.003)
Cadence (steps/min)					9.511	0.001	4 (0.001); 5 (0.001)
Velocity (cm/s)					15.134	0.001	1 (0.009); 2 (0.001); 3 (0.010); 4 (0.001); 5 (0.001)

^aSelf-selected walk speed. ^bSelf-selected walk speed with immobilization of upper extremities. ^cFast walking. ^dFast walking with immobilization of upper extremities. ^eNumber indicates the following results from post hoc tests ( value): 1 = significant difference between SW and SWI at ; 2 = significant difference between SW and FW at ; 3 = significant difference between SW and FWI at ; 4 = significant difference between SWI and FW at ; 5 = significant difference between SWI and FWI at ; 6 = significant difference between FW and FWI at .