Effects of the Immobilization of the Upper Extremities on Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters during Walking in Stroke Patients: A Preliminary Study

Table 3

Comparison of spatiotemporal gait parameters on the paralyzed side based on upper extremity immobilization.

Parameters	SW^a	SWI^b	FW^c	FWI^d	F	value	Post hoc test^e; ( value)
Step length (cm)					18.119	0.001	1 (0.004); 2 (0.002); 4 (0.001); 5 (0.001)
Stance phase (%)					2.591	0.105	4 (0.001); 5 (0.003)
Loading response (%)					6.195	0.001	4 (0.002); 5 (0.036)
Mid stance (%)					5.440	0.002	4 (0.001); 5 (0.042)
Pre-swing (%)					8.167	0.001	4 (0.001); 5 (0.001)
Swing phase (%)					7.077	0.001	4 (0.001); 5 (0.003)
Step time (sec)					19.814	0.001	2 (0.001); 4 (0.001); 5 (0.001)

^aSelf-selected walk speed. ^bSelf-selected walk speed with immobilization of upper extremities. ^cFast walking. ^dFast walking with immobilization of upper extremities. ^eNumber indicates the following results from post hoc tests ( value): 1 = significant difference between SW and SWI at ; 2 = significant difference between SW and FW at ; 3 = significant difference between SW and FWI at ; 4 = significant difference between SWI and FW at ; 5 = significant difference between SWI and FWI at ; 6 = significant difference between FW and FWI at .