The Therapeutic Evaluation of Spinal Canal Decompression by Using the TBEIS Technique in the Treatment of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Figure 2

Radiographs showing that the working cannula has been successfully inserted into the surgical area at the L3-4 level: (a) anteroposterior radiographs and (b) lateral radiographs. Endoscopic view of the surgical procedure: endoscopic views of (c) before and (d) after removal of the ligamentum flavum and the extruded disc. Endoscopic views of (e) before and (f) after removal of the hyperplastic facet joint to relieve compression from the lateral recess.

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