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| P | S | M | H |
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Type of cells | C3A human hepatocytes and EA.hy926 human endothelial cells |
Cell arrangement | Disorderly arrangement | Hepatic plate-like arrangement |
Culture system | Mixed two-dimensional coculture/plate culture | Sandwich coculture | Mixed 3D coculture (conventional 3D culture) | Hepatic plate-mimetic 3D coculture |
Cell and tissue morphology maintenance | H> M> S> P |
Cell growth speed and apoptosis | P> S> M> H |
Cell viability | Group H was higher than all the other groups. |
Hepatocyte function and the gene expression levels | Group H exhibited significant advantages with regard to the expression of some drug-metabolizing enzymes, albumin, ammonia metabolism, and other clinically important liver function markers. |
Gene expression levels of hepatocyte polarity proteins | As culture duration increased, the protein levels of occludin, DPPIV, NTCP, and CD147 in Group H were significantly higher than those in other groups. |
Immunofluorescence staining of hepatocyte structural polarity proteins | Occludin, ZO-1, MRP2, and CD147 staining in Group H was much more obvious and continuous than those in other groups on days 7 and 13 as the culture duration increased. |
Hepatocyte polarity ultrastructure | Group H promoted the formation of more mature bile canaliculi. |
Transcriptome sequencing and analysis | Group H promoted changes in the bile secretion pathway. |
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