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| S. no. | Authors (year) | Country | Aims | Study design/population | Diagnostic criteria | Results | NOS score |
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| 1. | Bdioui et al. (2006) [8] | Tunisia | To determine CD prevalence among Tunisian healthy blood donors | Prospective study; total 1418, 1090 men and 328 women | IgA-EMA, anti-tTG, and biopsy | Prevalence of CD was about 1/700 among blood donors
3 positives for IgA EMA, where 2 were positive for anti-tTG and also showed villous atrophy | 5 |
| 2. | Hariz et al. (2007) [37] | Tunisia | To determine CD prevalence among Tunisian children and to describe the clinical profile of the screened patients | Mass screening study; 6286 children | IgA-tTG, IgA-AE, and biopsy | 139 positives for IgA-tTG
40 positives for IgA-AE
28 had positive for both (IgA-tTG, IgA-AE); biopsy-proven CD found in 26 participants
79 had positive test for only IgA-tTG; among them, biopsy was normal
Estimated prevalence in school children 1/157. | 5 |
| 3. | Khayyat (2012) [38] | Western region of Saudi Arabia | Gluten sensitivity prevalence in healthy Saudi adults at “King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia” | Prospective pilot research for Saudi attendees (in blood donation center); 204 individuals (122 males and 82 females) | Anti-tTG IgA and IgA level | 3 (1.5%) people tested positive for IgA TTG showing normal IgA level. | 4 |
| 4. | Aljebreen et al. (2013) [39] | Saudi Arabia | To recognize the seroprevalence of CD among healthy adolescents in Saudi Arabia | Quantitative research by randomly selecting 10th- to 12th-grade students from 3 distinct Saudi regions, including Al-Qaseem, Madinah, and Aseer
1167 students | EMA and IGA by indirect immunofluorescence | 2.2% (26 students) showed a positive anti-EMA test
The prevalence was highest in the Al-Qaseem region (3.2%)
However, the lowest prevalence was found in Madinah (1.8%). | 6 |
| 5. | Al-Hussaini et al. (2017) [14] | Saudi Arabia | To determine celiac disease (CD) prevalence and illustrate the iceberg of celiac disease among Saudi pediatric population in Riyadh | Prospective cross-sectional study
7930 students | Anti-tTG IgA and EMA-IgA and biopsy | 221 (2.8%) students with positive TTG-IgA, CD diagnosed in 119 cases.
High CD prevalence among Saudi children was estimated to be 1.5%. | 5 |
| 6. | Al Hatlani (2015) [40] | Saudi Arabia | To determine the prevalence of CD among symptom-free children from the military campus (public school) of National Guard in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia | Cross-sectional study
1141 students | Anti-tTG-IgA and IgG antibodies and intestinal biopsy | 32 (3%) IgA-tTG positive
An intestinal biopsy was also undertaken in 10 of them
1% biopsy-confirmed prevalence. | 5 |
| 7. | Abu-Zekry et al. (2008) [41] | Egypt | To examine celiac disease frequency in Egyptian children | Prospective cross-sectional study
Group A: 1500 general pediatric population
Group B: 150 admitted patient with diarrhea and failure to thrive
Group C: 250with T1DM | Anti-tTG, IgA EMA, total IgA, IgG anti-tTG
Small bowel biopsy | CD diagnosis was made in 2 groups of patients: A and B
Group A: 8 children diagnosed with CD (1 in 187 individuals (0.53%; 95% CI 0.17%–0.89%)).
Group B: 7 had CD (4.7%, 95% CI 1.4–7.9)
Group C: 16 serology-positive CD (6.4%; 95% CI 3.4–9.4). | 7 |
| 8. | Mankai et al. (2006) [42] | Tunisia | To screen CD in healthy blood donors in Tunisia | Retrospective cross-sectional study, serological screening of 2500 healthy blood donors | IgG-AGA, IgA-AGA, and EMA | 418 samples were positive for AGA, 7 of them tested positive for AEA (which had amplified IgA and/or IgG AGA levels)
The prevalence of EMA was 1 : 355. | 5 |
| 9. | Abu-Zeid et al. (2014) [43] | United Arab Emirates | Celiac disease prevalence in healthy UAE national adolescents | Quantitative research
Cross-sectional prospective research
1197 healthy Emiratis | Anti-tTG IgA antibodies and EMA IgA antibodies | 1.17% seropositive for anti-tTG IgA and EMA IgA antibodies.
The seroprevalence of CD was found to be 1 : 86 among adult UAE nationals (1 : 624 for men) and (1 : 44 for women).
A higher frequency of CD among women as compared to men. | 7 |
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