A Systematic Review of the Current Hepatitis B Viral Infection and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Situation in Mediterranean Countries

Table 1

HBsAg prevalence and date of universal vaccination in the different Mediterranean countries.

	General population (%)	Blood donors (%)	HD patients (%)	Pregnant women (%)	Others (%)	Vaccination date	References
Morocco	1.81	0.8–0.96	6	1.2	ND	1999	[17, 19–22]
Algeria	2.15	3.6	3.2	1.6	ND	2002	[29–32]
Tunisia	4.2–5.6	0.8	5.5	4	ND	1995	[36–39]
Libya	2.2	0.21	2.6	ND	1.1 (health workers)	1993	[45, 47, 49, 50]
Egypt	1.4	1.3	2	4	1.4 (health workers)	1992	[52–57]
Syria	4.2	ND	0.63–2.52	1.1	5.3 (drug users) and 10.8 (sex workers)	1993	[63–65]
Lebanon	1.74	ND	ND	ND	0.99 (sex workers) and 2.4 (prisoners)	1998	[69–71]
Palestine/Israel	1.75	ND	3.8	ND	ND	1992	[44, 74, 75]
France	0.65	0.12	0.84	0.65	ND	1982	[78–81, 83]
Spain	<0.27–1.69	ND	1.03	0.8	0.7 (healthy employed population)	1990	[89–94]
Italy	0.8–1	0.01–0.32	1.8	ND	4.4 (prisoners)	1981	[98, 103–106]
Turkey	4	ND	30.2	ND	2.2 (drug users)	1998	[113–116]
Greece	1.2–4.8	0.84	ND	ND	ND	1998	[121, 122]
Croatia	2–4	0.012	ND	ND	7.3 (drug users)	1992	[128–130]

ND: no data.