Efficiency of High-Flow Nasal Cannula on Pulmonary Rehabilitation in COPD Patients: A Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Detailed characteristic of the ten enrolled studies.

Author (year)	Population (H, C)	Age	Country	Study design	NCT	COPD type	Control	Length of therapy	Main outcomes^a
Atwood (2017) [17]	32 (16, 16)	69 (9)	United States	S, RCT	NCT00990210	Stable	LTOT	20 min	(1), (3), (4)
Fraser et al. (2016) [18]	30 (15, 15)	NR	Australia	RCT crossover	ACTRN12613000028707.	Stable	LTOT	20 min therapy-20 min washout -20	(1), (3), (4)
Guillaume et al. (2019)[19]	19 (19, 19)	62.1 (9.1)	French	S, RCT, crossover	NCT03058081	Stable	Room air or oxygen	3 days including washout	(1), (4), (7)
Helene et al. (2017) [20]	100 (50, 50)	67.2 (8.5)	Germany	Prospective, cohort.	NCT01686893 & NCT01693146	Stable	COT	60 min COT-washout-60 min HFNC	(2)
Jens et al. (2016) [21]	67 (48, 19)	60 (11.4)	Germany	Prospective, cohort.	NCT02504814	Stable	Mechanical treatment	NR	(1), (3)
Jens et al. (2019)[22]	94 (50, 44)	65.3 (9.3)	Germany	M, RCT, crossover	NCT02007772	Stable	NIV	12 weeks including washout	(1), (2), (4), (5), (6)
Kazuma et al. (2018)[23]	32 (16, 16)	73.8 (6.9)	United states	M,RCT, crossover	NCT02545855	Stable hypercapnic	LTOT	12 weeks including washout	(4), (5)
Line et al. (2018)[24]	200 (100, 100)	71 (8.2)	Europe	RCT, crossover	NCT02731872	Stable and acute exacerbation	LTOT	12 months	(4), (5), (6)
Pisani et al. (2017)[25]	14 (14, 14)	NR	Italy	Random, crossover	NCT02363920	Stable	NIV	150 min	(1), (3), (4)
Serena et al. (2016)[26]	12 (12, 12)	70 (8)	Italy	S,RCT, crossover	NR	Stable severe	Air condition	Three days including washout	(7)

^aOutcome measures include (1) respiratory rate, (2) FEV1, (3) tidal volume, (4) the oxygen partial pressure, (5) total score of St. George’s respiratory questionnaire, (6) 6-minute walk test, (7) and exercise endurance time. NIV: noninvasive ventilation; H: HFNC; C:control. LTOT: long-term oxygen therapy; NCT: National Clinical Trial; S: single center; M: multicenter; RC: randomized controlled trial; NR: not reported; COT: conventional oxygen therapy.