Inhibition of Distinct Proline- or N-Acetylglucosamine-Induced Hyphal Formation Pathways by Proline Analogs in Candida albicans

Figure 1

(a) Morphology of C. albicans and hyphal length under different hyphal-inducing conditions. Standard deviations are shown for each sample. (b) Effect of amino acids in the RPMI-1640 medium. Cells of C. albicans (10⁵ cells/mL) were incubated at 37°C except for RPMI-1640 at 30°C for 24 h. RPMI-1640 amino acids and vitamins were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used at 1x concentration. Inorganic salts were 100 mg/L Ca(NO₃)₂, 50 mg/L MgSO₄, 400 mg/L KCl, and 6000 mg/L NaCl. The scale bar was applied to all images.

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