HbA1C Variability Is Strongly Associated with Development of Macroalbuminuria in Normal or Microalbuminuria in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Six-Year Follow-Up Study

Table 2

Laboratory test findings of patients without initial macroalbuminuria stratified by both urine albumin/creatinine ratio and HbA1c variability.

	UACR <30 mg/gm		UACR between 30 to 300 mg/gm		value
	<median HbA1c-SD^Ϯ (n = 20) Group 1	≥median HbA1c-SD^Ϯ (n = 20) Group 2	<median HbA1c-SD^Ϯ (n = 35) Group 3	≥median HbA1c-SD^Ϯ (n = 35) Group 4
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	155.5 ± 25.2	150.6 ± 26.2	153.6 ± 26.4	167.1 ± 37.2	0.16
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	84.3 ± 32.4	153.5 ± 85.3	112.1 ± 73.5	156.5 ± 87.0	0.002
HDL-C (mmol/L)	57.2 ± 11.16	49.5 ± 11.53	56.6 ± 14.09	52.4 ± 18.4	0.24
LDL-C (mmol/L)	81.5 ± 20.3	71.5 ± 22.2	75 ± 27.8	84.4 ± 34.2	0.32
UA (mmol/L)	6.3 ± 1.4	6.2 ± 1.4	7.1 ± 1.9	6.5 ± 2.3	0.28
hs-CRP (mmol/L)	0.8 ± 0.6	1.3 ± 1.1	1.8 ± 1.3	3.2 ± 2.3	0.22
Mean HbA1c (%)	6.8 ± 0.7	7.4 ± 1.0	7.3 ± 0.9	8.1 ± 0.9	<0.001
CV HbA1c (%)	5.7 ± 1.48	12.9 ± 5.96	8.1 ± 2.6	16.9 ± 4.7	<0.001
HbA1c-SD (%)	0.4 ± 0.09	1 ± 0.43	0.6 ± 0.2	1.3 ± 0.4	<0.001
Urine albumin/creatinine ratio (mg/mg)	0 ± 0.01	0 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.08	0.1 ± 0.06	<0.001
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2)	92 ± 25.2	88.3 ± 16.8	76.9 ± 22.2	68.4 ± 25.8	0.001

Data are presented as means ± standard deviations or n (%). Abbreviations: n, number of cases; UACR, urine albumin/creatinine ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; OHA, oral hypoglycemic agent; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; UA, uric acid; hsCRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein; HbA1c, glycohemoglobin; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; CV, coefficient of variation; Ϯ = The value of median HbA1c-SD in the two groups (UACR <30 mg and UACR between 30–300 mg) was 0.32 and 0.92, respectively.