The Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shoutai Pill Combined with Western Medicine in the First Trimester of Pregnancy in Women with Unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

The basic characteristics of the included studies.

First author and year	Sample size ()	Age (y)	Gestational age (d)	TCM syndrome differentiation	Times of abortions ()	Definition of miscarriage	Definition of live birth	Intervention time	Intervention measures	Duration of intervention	Main outcomes
Guo 2018	T: 54; C: 54	T: C:	T: NR; C: NR	NR	T: C:	Pregnancy loss before 16 weeks	Delivery of a live infant after 28 weeks	NR	T: modified STP (1/dose/day) + C; C: dydrogesterone (10 mg, bid, po)	Until miscarriage or the 16th weeks	①②③
He 2018	T: 30; C: 30	T: C:	T: C:	Kidney deficiency and blood stasis	T: C:	Pregnancy loss before 12 weeks	Delivery of a live infant after 37 weeks	Pregnancy confirmed by β-HCG	T: modified STP (1/dose/day) + C; C: progesterone capsule (100 mg, bid, po)	3 months	①②③
Huang 2016	T: 31; C: 30	T: C:	T: C:	Spleen and kidney deficiency	T: C:	Pregnancy loss before 12 weeks	NR	Pregnancy confirmed by ultrasound	T: modified STP (1/dose/day) + C; C: progesterone injection (20 mg, qd, im)	14 days	①
Li 2017	T: 42; C: 42	T: C:	T: C:	NR	T: C:	Pregnancy loss before 12 weeks	NR	Pregnancy confirmed by β-HCG	T: modified STP (1/dose/day) + C; C: dydrogesterone (10 mg, bid, po)	NR	①③④
Lu 2016	T: 39; C: 37	T: C:	T: C:	NR	T: C:	Pregnancy loss before 20 weeks	NR	Pregnancy confirmed by ultrasound	T: modified STP (1/dose/day) + C; C: dydrogesterone (10 mg, bid, po)	Until miscarriage or the 16th weeks	①⑤
Mo 2018	T: 20; C: 20	T: C:	T: NR; C: NR	Kidney deficiency and blood stasis	T: C:	NR	Delivery of a live infant after 37 weeks	Pregnancy confirmed by β-HCG	T: modified STP (1/dose/day) + C; C: progesterone capsule (100 mg, bid, po) + dydrogesterone (10 mg, bid, po)	7 days for a course of treatment	②③④
Tian 2019	T: 40; C: 40	T: C:	T: NR; C: NR	NR	T: C:	Pregnancy loss before 12 weeks	NR	Pregnancy confirmed by ultrasound	T: STP (1/dose/day) + C; C: dydrogesterone; (10 mg, q12h, po)	Until miscarriage or more than the 12th weeks	①③
Wang 2016	T: 75; C: 75	T: C:	T: C:	NR	T: NR; C: NR	Pregnancy loss before 12 weeks	NR	Pregnancy confirmed by ultrasound	T: STP (1/dose/day) + C; C: allogenic lymphocyte + dydrogesterone (10 mg, bid, po)	Until miscarriage or the 12th weeks	①
Wei 2017	T: 30; C: 30	T: C:	T: C:	Kidney deficiency and blood stasis	T: C:	Pregnancy loss before 12 weeks	Delivery of a live infant after 37 weeks	Pregnancy confirmed by β-HCG	T: modified STP (1/dose/day) + C; C: progesterone capsule (100 mg, bid, po)	NR	①②③④
Xie 2016	T: 36; C: 36	T: C:	T: C:	Kidney deficiency and blood stasis	T: C:	Pregnancy loss before 12 weeks	NR	NR	T: modified STP (1/dose/day) + C; C: dydrogesterone (10 mg, bid, po)	28 days	①③④⑤
Yuan 2015	T: 40; C: 40	T: C:	T: NR; C: NR	Kidney deficiency and blood stasis	T: C:	Pregnancy loss before 12 weeks	NR	Pregnancy confirmed by ultrasound	T: modified STP (1/dose/day) + C; C: dydrogesterone (10 mg, bid, po)	Until miscarriage or the 12th weeks	①⑤
Zheng 2019	T: 23; C: 22	T: C:	T: NR; C: NR	NR	T: C:	Pregnancy loss before 28 weeks	Delivery of a live infant after 28 weeks	NR	T: STP (1/dose/day) + C; C: progesterone injection (20 mg, qd, im) + dydrogesterone (10 mg, bid, po) + low-molecular weight heparin sodium (5000 iu, qd, h)	Until miscarriage or the 20th weeks	①②③

T: trial group; C: control group; NR: not reported; ①: the incidence of early pregnancy loss; ②: the incidence of live birth; ③: TCM syndromes and symptoms; ④: serum D-dimer level; ⑤: adverse events.