Impacts of Outdoor Air Pollution on Human Semen Quality: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Table 1
Basic characteristics of the enrolled studies.
Study
Exposure
Period
Study design
Location
Major ethnicity
Age
Groups
Positive findings
NOS
Selevan, 2000
PM10, TSPs, SO2, CO, Nox
1993-1994
Cross-sectional
Czech
Caucasian
18
Residents in urban or rural areas
Lower progressive motility, total motility, normal morphology rate, and chromatin structure
8
De Rosa, 2003
Traffic pollutants
2000-2002
Cross-sectional
Italy
Caucasian
23-62
Workers at motorways or offices
Lower total motility, progressive motility, concentration, VSL, VCL, LIN, and ALH
6
Rubes, 2005
PM10, PAH, SO2, NOx
1995-1997
Longitudinal
Czech
Caucasian
19-25
Residents in winter and summer
None
9
Guven, 2008
Traffic pollutants
NM
Cross-sectional
Turkey
Caucasian
;
Workers at motorways or offices
Lower normal morphology rate, concentration, progressive motility
6
Boggia, 2009
Traffic pollutants
2000-2004
Cross-sectional
Italy
Caucasian
23-57
Workers at motorways or offices
Lower total motility and progressive motility
6
Rubes, 2010
PM2.5, SO2, NO, CO, O3, PAH, Benzo
2007
Longitudinal
Czech
Caucasian
Residents in winter and spring
Lower total motility and DFI
9
Calogero, 2011
Traffic pollutants
NM
Cross-sectional
Italy
Caucasian
20-47
Workers at motorways or offices
Lower normal morphology rate, concentration, total sperm count, progressive motility, and DFI
6
Zhou, 2014
PM10, SO2, NO2
2007
Cross-sectional
China
Asian
20-40
Residents in urban or rural areas
Lower normal morphology rate, VSL, VCL, and VAP
8
Wu, 2016
PM10
2013-2015
Cross-sectional
China
Asian
Residents with different PM exposure
Lower concentration and total count
9
Liu, 2017
SO2
2013-2015
Cross-sectional
China
Asian
Residents with different PM exposure
Lower total count, concentration, progressive motility, and total motility
9
Lao, 2018
PM2.5
2001, 2004
Cross-sectional
China
Asian
Residents with different PM exposure
Lower normal morphology and higher sperm concentration
8
ALH: amplitude of lateral movement of sperm head; DFI: DNA fragmentation index; LIN: linearity of sperm motion; NM: not mentioned; NOS: Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; TSPs: PM-total suspended particulates; VCL: sperm curvilinear velocity; VSL: sperm linear velocity.