Current Evidence of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Ocular Transmission: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of included studies for meta-analysis.

First author	Publication year	Country/area	Sample size	Mean age (years)	Ocular symptoms	Conjunctivitis/conjunctival congestion	Conjunctivitis as initial symptom	Foreign body sensation	Increased secretions	Eye itching	Positive conjunctival swab samples	Laboratory method
Chen L	2020	China	534	Range: 16-68	27	27	4	63	52	53	—	RT-PCR
Zhang X	2020	China	72		2	2	—	—	—	—	1	RT-PCR
Wu P	2020	China	38		12	12	—	—	7	—	2	RT-PCR
Xia JH	2020	China	30		1	1	—	—	—	—	1	RT-PCR
Karimi S	2020	Iran	43		2	1	—	1	—	—	3	RT-PCR
Zhou YY	2020	China	121	Median: 48 (range: 22-89)	8	—	—	2	—	5	3	RT-PCR
Hong N	2020	China	56		15	2	—	4	2	3	1	RT-PCR
Guemes-Villahoz N	2020	Spain	310	Median: 72 (IQR: 59-82)	35	35	—	12	—	—	—	RT-PCR
Ma N	2020	China	216	Median: 7.25 (range: 2.6-11.6)	59	32	9	—	—	19	—	RT-PCR
Öncül H	2020	Turkey	197	Median: 58.5 (range: 20-91)	16	8	1	—	—	—	—	RT-PCR
Rokohl C	2020	Germany	216		—	24	—	22	—	56	—	RT-PCR
Sindhuja K	2020	India	127	Median: 38.8	12	11	3	—	—	—	—	RT-PCR

RT-PCR: reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; IQR: interquartile range.