The Effect of Coffee on Pharmacokinetic Properties of Drugs : A Review

Table 3

Summary of the effect of coffee on the pharmacokinetics of some drugs.

Drugs	The effect of coffee on the PK of drugs	Mechanism	References
Escitalopram oxalate	Decrease absorption	Insoluble complex formation	[11]
Iron and iron-containing drugs	Decrease absorption	Insoluble complex formation	[14]
Midazolam	Decrease absorption	Changing pH	[19]
Phenothiazines and butyrophenone	Decrease absorption	Changing pH	[20]
Aspirin and felodipine	Increase absorption	Changing pH, increase gastric emptying rate	[24, 32]
Halofantrine	Increase absorption	Changing pH	[12]
Ergotamine and levodopa	Increase absorption	Changing pH	[25]
Thyroxine (T4)	Decrease absorption	Sequestering	[6]
Vitamin D and calcium	Decrease absorption	Affecting sink condition	[14]
Glucose	Decrease absorption	Inhibition of the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase	[35, 36]
Memantine and donepezil	Decrease distribution	By enhancing the tightness of the blood-brain barrier	[52]
Levodopa	Increase distribution	By inhibiting a metabolizing enzyme at peripheral NS and CNS	[39]
Clozapine, amitriptyline, lithium, theophylline, warfarin, clomipramine, fluvoxamine, imipramine, haloperidol, olanzapine, lidocaine, mexiletine, propranolol, triamterene, verapamil, ropivacaine, melatonin, dextromethorphan, methotrexate, and pefloxacin	Inhibit metabolism	By saturating a metabolizing enzyme	[8, 19, 41–43, 45, 53, 54]
Paracetamol	Enhancing metabolism	Induce the activity of cytochrome P-448	[46]
Minerals (calcium, magnesium, sodium, and chloride), water-soluble vitamins (vit B), oxandrolone, and epioxandrolone	Increase excretion	Increasing volume of urine	[49, 51]