Protection of Lycopene against Embryonic Anomalies and Yolk Sac Placental Vasculogenic Disorders Induced by Nicotine Exposure

<div>Lycopene regulates the expressions of growth factors in yolk sac placentas exposed to nicotine. (a) Hif-1<i>α</i> mRNA expression levels. (b) IGF-1 mRNA expression levels. (c) <i>α</i>-SMA mRNA expression levels. (d, e) mRNA expression levels of VEGF-<i>α</i> and TGF-<i>β</i>1, respectively. (f, g) Western blot analyses of VEGF-<i>α</i> and TGF-<i>β</i>1, respectively. The mRNA and protein values were normalized with GAPDH expression. 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BioMed Research International

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Figure 4

Figure 4: Protection of Lycopene against Embryonic Anomalies and Yolk Sac Placental Vasculogenic Disorders Induced by Nicotine Exposure 