Protection of Lycopene against Embryonic Anomalies and Yolk Sac Placental Vasculogenic Disorders Induced by Nicotine Exposure

Table 3

Developmental changes in the cultured mouse embryos.

Group	Con	N	N+Ly10^-6	N+Ly10^-5
No. of embryos	26	30	33	25
Yolk sac circulatory		^a	^b	^b
Allantois		^a	^b	^b
Flexion
Heart		^a	^b	^b
Hindbrain		^a	^b	^b
Midbrain		^a	^b	^b
Forebrain		^a	^b	^b
Otic system		^a	^b	^b
Optic system		^a	^b	^b
Branchial bars		^a	^b	^b
Maxillary process		^a	^b	^b
Mandibular process		^a	^b	^b
Olfactory system		^a		^b
Caudal neural tube				^b
Forelimb		^a	^b	^b
Hind limb		^a	^b	^b
Somites				^b
Total score

Each value represents the . ^avs. normal control (Con) group at . ^bvs. nicotine (N) group at . Ly: lycopene.