The Correlation between Dietary Selenium Intake and Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study on North Chinese Adults
Table 1
Characteristics of participants according to diabetes status ().
Selected characteristics
No diabetes
Diabetes
Age at recruitment (years)
49.74 ± 10.17
54.90 ± 9.32
<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)
24.67 ± 3.44
26.14 ± 3.60
<0.001
WC (cm)
84.80 ± 10.13
89.88 ± 9.85
<0.001
Education (%)
<0.001
No formal education
1.4
2.9
Elementary school
4.4
7.0
Middle school
21.8
28.4
High school/secondary technical school
32.6
31.0
Technical school/college
33.0
24.2
Postgraduate degree or above
0.8
0.3
Male (%)
34.0
44.3
<0.001
Female (%)
66.0
55.7
<0.001
Exercised regularly (%)
45.3
53.5
<0.001
Current smokers (%)
54.7
46.5
<0.001
Current drinker (%)
35.0
32.9
<0.001
Family history of diabetes (%)
13.2
24.2
<0.001
Hypertension (%)
76.634.1
59.1
<0.001
Coronary heart disease (%)
15.9
29.2
<0.001
Hyperlipidemia (%)
20.2
38.9
<0.001
Dietary Se intake (μg/day)
51.81 ± 22.97
54.87 ± 26.35
0.001
HOMA-IR
2.0 ± 2.2
4.14 ± 4.87
<0.001
HOMA-β
89.85 ± 96.29
61.04 ± 65.34
<0.001
Body fat
30.28 ± 5.69
31.29 ± 6.10
<0.001
Energy
2239.25 ± 655.93
2216.02 ± 688.26
0.184
BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; Se: selenium; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-β: homeostasis model assessment beta. Data are mean ± standard deviation, unless otherwise indicated. values are for test of difference between different diabetic statuses.
