The Correlation between Dietary Selenium Intake and Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study on North Chinese Adults
Table 3
Characteristics of participants according to energy-adjusted quintiles of dietary selenium intake ().
Selected characteristics
Quintiles of dietary Se intake (μg/day)
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Age at recruitment (years)
50.3
50.99
50.69
51.14
50.88
0.126
BMI (kg/m2)
25.25
24.86
24.83
24.87
25.03
0.002
WC (cm)
86.84
85.51
85.03
85.49
86.31
<0.001
Education (%)
<0.001
No formal education
2.0
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.9
Elementary school
7.4
5.0
4.8
4.0
3.2
Middle school
25.7
22.8
23.3
21.7
22.3
High school/secondary technical school
30.9
33.6
31.4
32.9
32.6
Technical school/college
28.2
29.9
32.0
33.0
33.2
Male (%)
40.5
31.3
30.3
34.9
43.6
<0.001
Female (%)
59.5
68.7
69.7
65.1
56.4
<0.001
Exercised regularly (%)
44.2
47.0
47.1
49.7
46.8
0.032
Current smokers (%)
20.5
15.3
14.8
15.9
21.2
<0.001
Current drinker (%)
35.0
32.0
32.8
33.0
40.1
0.046
Family history of diabetes (%)
14.8
16.5
15.6
15.8
14.7
0.575
Hypertension (%)
41.6
37.6
38.4
37.9
40.4
0.065
Coronary heart disease (%)
19.3
17.8
20.1
18.2
17.8
0.288
Hyperlipemia (%)
25.1
24.3
24.3
23.5
22.7
0.528
HOMA-IR
2.46
2.26
2.61
2.38
2.60
0.051
HOMA-β
90.59
83.70
84.19
82.74
79.96
0.132
Body fat
30.40
30.77
30.67
30.59
29.99
<0.001
Energy
2633.57
2170.74
2026
1987.91
2354.39
0.184
BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; Se: selenium; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-β: homeostasis model assessment beta. Data are mean ± standard deviation, unless otherwise indicated. values are for test of difference across all quartiles of selenium intake.
