In Vitro Anticancer Potential of Berberis lycium Royle Extracts against Human Hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) Cells

Figure 3

Effect of BLE on ROS generation and mitochondrial membrane potential changes in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were incubated without or with BLE at specified concentrations for 24 hours. (a) The generation of ROS was analyzed by DCFH-DA (10 μM/L) assay in HepG2 cells, and the fluorescence was measured at excitation and emission λ of 488 and 525 nm, respectively, with the help of a fluorescence microplate reader. (b) Fluorescence microscopic view of HepG2 cells after ROS assay indicates an increase in green fluorescence spots due to ROS generation with BLE treatment as compared to control. (c) The bar graph represents the fluorescent intensity ratios between green fluorescence (for loss of membrane potential at 485 nm-535 nm λ) and red fluorescence (for normal changes in mitochondrial membrane potential at 535 nm-590 nm λ) by the fluorescent microplate reader. The JC-1 red fluorescence intensity was selected as 100%, and fluorescence intensity of treated samples was measured relative to control as . (d) Florescent microscopic view of HepG2 cells for Δψ after staining in the dark with a JC-1 probe for 30 min and red fluorescence was present in cells with high ψ and vice versa for green fluorescence; photographs were taken at two λ (green and red). All values are from three independent experiments. Significant differences as compared to control were depicted by ; ; or .

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