The Association between Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Diabetic Depression in U.S. Adults with Diabetes: Findings from the 2009-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

Table 2

Associations of NLR with clinically relevant depressive symptoms among adults in NHANES (2009–2016).

NLR	Unadjusted	Multivariable-adjusted^a	Multivariable-adjusted^b	Multivariable-adjusted^c
	OR (95% CIs)	OR (95% CIs)	OR (95% CIs)	OR (95% CIs)
Tertile
<1.75	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
1.75-2.57	1.24 (0.90, 1.70)	1.20 (0.90, 1.60)	1.16 (0.86, 1.58)	1.08 (0.82, 1.43)
>2.57	1.68 (1.23, 2.30)	1.78 (1.34, 2.35)	1.74 (1.31, 2.32)	1.57 (1.13, 1.87)
for trend	0.0009	<0.0001	0.0023	0.0078
Quartiles
<1.56	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
1.56-2.13	1.08 (0.77, 1.51)	1.07 (0.74, 1.55)	1.07 (0.76, 1.50)	1.25 (0.85, 1.83)
2.13-2.86	1.41 (1.02, 1.96)	1.44 (1.01, 2.05)	1.40 (0.99, 1.95)	1.46 (0.99, 2.14)
>2.86	1.85 (1.34, 2.56)	1.71 (1.19, 2.46)	1.79 (1.29, 2.50)	1.62 (1.10, 2.39)
for trend^d	<0.0001	0.0010	0.0001	0.0134

Abbreviation: NLR: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; NHANES: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Ref.: reference; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval. ^aAdjusted for age, sex, and race. ^bAdjusted for age, sex, race, education, household annual income, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and BMI (normal weight, overweight, obese). ^cAdjusted for all covariables in b plus adjusted for HbA1c in quartiles, chronic conditions including HF, stroke, DR and CHD, glucose-lowering drugs, and insulin use.