Review Article
Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting in Ethiopia: Systematic Review
Table 5
Practice of ADR reporting by healthcare professionals (
).
| | S.no | Variable | Type | Angamo et al. [22] (%) | Bule et al. [23] (%) | Nadew et al. [24] (%) | Adimasu et al. [25] (%) | Kefale et al. [26] (%) | Gurmesa et al. [27] (%) | Kasa et al. [28] (%) | Goshime et al. [29] (%) | Denekew et al. [30] (%) | Gidey et al. [31] (%) | Kassa et al. [32] (%) | Hailua et al. [33] (%) | Shanko et al. [34] (%) |
| | 1 | Have you ever encountered patient with ADR in your clinical practice, in the last 12 months? | Yes | 13 (15.85) | 84 (66.4) | 343 (84.3) | NA | 82 (38.5) | 36 (27) | 34 (29.82) | 173 (45.6) | 101 (43.2) | 230 (74.9) | 12 (21.1) | 101 (67.3) | 145 (49.2) | | No | 69 (84.15) | 46 (35.4) | 64 (15.7) | NA | 131 (61.5) | 97 (73) | 80 (70.18) | 248 (54.4) | 133 (56.8) | 77 (25.1) | 45 (78.9) | 49 (32.6) | 149 (50.8) | | 2 | Have you ever reported the ADR? | Yes | 0 (0) | 38 (29.2) | 94 (27.4) | NA | 74 (90.2) | 14 (38.8) | 17 (50) | 28 (16.2) | 106 (45.3) | 74 (32.1) | 10 (83.3) | 43 (28.6) | 179 (60.68) | | No | 82 (100) | 92 (70.8) | 249 (72.6) | NA | 8 (9.8) | 22 (61.2) | 17 (50) | 145 (83.8) | 128 (54.7) | 156 (67.9) | 2 (16.7) | 107 (71.3) | 115 (38.98) | | 3 | How many patients with ADR, did you see? | Zero | NA | 46 (35.4) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 77 (25.1) | NA | NA | NA | | One | 8 (61.54) | 22 (16.9) | 23 (24.5) | NA | 30 (36.6) | 11 (78.5) | 11 (9.65) | 5 (2.9) | NA | 13 (4.2) | NA | NA | 30 (10.17) | | Two | 3 (23.08) | 18 (13.8) | 27 (28.7) | NA | 30 (36.6) | 8 (7.02) | 13 (7.5) | NA | 58 (18.9) | NA | NA | 41 (13.9) | | Three | 1 (7.69) | 20 (15.4) | NA | 8 (9.8) | 3 (2.63) | 25 (14.5) | NA | 61 (19.9) | NA | NA | 34 (11.53) | | Four | 1 (7.69) | 6 (4.6) | 44(46.8) | NA | 9 (11.0) | 3 (21.4) | 6 (5.26) | 24 (13.9) | NA | 52 (16.9) | NA | NA | 20 (6.78) | | Above | NA | 18 (13.8) | NA | 5 (6.0) | 6 (5.26) | 106 (61.3) | NA | 46 (15) | NA | NA | 21 (7.12) | | 4 | Have you noted the ADR you encountered on the patient clinical record? | Yes | 0 (0) | 59 (45.4) | 299 (87.2) | NA | NA | NA | 24 (70.59) | NA | 31 (13.24) | 67 (29.1) | 10 (83.3) | NA | 110 (37.3) | | No | 82 (100) | 71 (54.6) | 44 (12.8) | NA | NA | NA | 10 (29.41) | NA | 75 (32.05) | 163 (70.9) | 2 (16.7) | NA | 36 (12.2) | | 5 | What kind of ADR need to be reported? | Known reaction | NA | NA | NA | 15 (7) | NA | 20 (15) | 24 (21.05) | NA | NA | NA | 24 (42.1) | 25 (16.6) | NA | | Unknown reaction | NA | NA | NA | 35 (16.4) | NA | 21 (15.7) | 52 (45.61) | NA | NA | NA | 48 (84.2) | 24 (16) | NA | | Life-threatening reaction | NA | NA | NA | 149 (69.6) | NA | 33 (24.8) | 93 (81.58) | NA | NA | NA | 46 (80.7) | 81 (54) | NA | | Do not now | NA | NA | NA | 15 (7) | NA | 19 (13.2) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 20 (13.3) | NA | | 6 | How often do you give advice to your patients on possible adverse effects of drugs you prescribed, dispensed or administered? | Always | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 48 (42.11) | NA | 70 (29.9) | 31 (10.1) | NA | NA | NA | | Usually | 20 (24.39) | 43 (33.1) | NA | NA | 82 (38.5) | NA | 22 (19.3) | 45 (11.9) | 82 (35) | 118 (38.4) | NA | NA | 101 (34.24) | | Sometimes | 35 (42.68) | 79(60.8) | NA | NA | 61 (28.6) | NA | 38 (33.33) | 278 (73.4) | 17 (7.3) | 69 (22.5) | NA | NA | 180 (61.02) | | Rarely | NA | NA | NA | NA | 53 (24.9) | NA | 6 (5.26) | 50 (13.2) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | | Never | 27 (32.93) | 8 (6.2) | NA | NA | 17 (8) | NA | NA | 6 (1.6) | 65 (27.8) | 89 (29) | NA | NA | 12 (4.07) | | 7 | Where did you report the reaction? | Hospital | NA | 8 (6.2) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 8 (47.06) | NA | NA | NA | 2 (20) | NA | 102 (34.58) | | Pharmaceutical company | NA | 2 (1.5) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1 (5.88) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 41 (13.9) | | EFMHACA | NA | 11 (8.5) | NA | NA | 8 (10.8) | 2 (14.3) | 5 (29.41) | 0 (0) | NA | NA | 4 (40) | NA | 2 | | Doctor | NA | 21 (16.2) | NA | NA | 10 (13.5) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 39 (13.22) | | Never reported | NA | 88 (67.7) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | | Head pharmacy | NA | NA | NA | NA | 28 (37.8) | NA | 8 (47.06) | 17 (60.7) | NA | NA | 4 (40) | NA | NA | | Manufacturers | NA | NA | NA | NA | 6 (8.1) | NA | NA | 10 (35.7) | NA | NA | 0 (0) | NA | NA | | Ministry of health | NA | NA | NA | NA | 16 (21.6) | NA | 2 (11.76) | NA | NA | NA | 0 (0) | NA | NA | | Others | NA | NA | NA | NA | 6 (8.2) | 12 (85.7) | NA | 1 (3.6) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | | 8 | How are ADR reported? | Telephone | NA | 14 (10.8) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 37 (24.6) | 182 (61.69) | | Post | NA | 56 (43.1) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 48 (32) | | E-mail | NA | 18 (13.8) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 11 (7.3) | | Do not know | NA | 42 (32.3) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 54 (36) | 113 (38.64) |
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Others: Ethiopian pharmaceutical association, wholesales, nurse head, drug therapeutic committee; NA: not assessed. |
