Baseline Levels of Serum Progesterone and the First Trimester Pregnancy Outcome in Women with Threatened Abortion: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of participants.

Pregnancy outcome	Continue pregnancy	Miscarriage	value
(%)	518 (71.35%)	208 (28.65%)
Maternal age (mean (SD), years)	30.07 (4.42)	30.99 (5.29)	0.02^b
BMI (mean (SD), kg/m^2)	21.03 (2.95)	21.14 (2.55)	0.73^b
Smoking history ( (%))	2 (0.39%)	0 (0.00%)	0.37^a
Drinking history ( (%))	1 (0.19%)	0 (0.00%)	0.53^a
Gestational week (mean (SD))	6.24 (1.67)	6.32 (1.74)	0.57^b
Gestity (medium (IOR), times)	2.00 (2.00-3.00)	3.00 (2.00-4.00)	<0.05^c
Parity (medium (IOR), times)	0.00 (0.00-1.00)	0.00 (0.00-1.00)	0.06^c
Abortion (medium (IOR), times)	1.00 (0.00-2.00)	1.00 (0.00-2.00)	0.66^c
Progesterone^▲ (medium (IOR), nmol/L)	89.91 (66.86-123.00)	67.59 (39.47-95.42)	<0.01^c
β-HCG^▲ (log10) (mean (SD))	4.25 (0.82)	3.64 (0.81)	<0.01^b
Embryo visualized ( (%))	328 (63.32%)	56 (27.05%)	<0.01^a
Cardiac movements visualized ( (%))	323 (62.36%)	38 (18.45%)	<0.01^a
Marital status			0.74^a
Unmarried ( (%))	12 (2.32%)	4 (1.92%)
Married ( (%))	505 (97.68%)	204 (98.08%)
Medical history
Diabetes ( (%))	2 (0.39%)	2 (0.96%)	0.34^a
Systemic lupus erythematosus ( (%))	1 (0.19%)	1 (0.48%)	0.50^a
Polycystic ovary syndrome ( (%))	25 (4.83%)	5 (2.40%)	0.14^a
Endometriosis ( (%))	35 (6.76%)	16 (7.69%)	0.66^a
Hyperprolactinemia ( (%))	9 (1.74%)	4 (1.92%)	0.87^a
Using progesterone ( (%))	405 (78.19%)	162 (77.88%)	0.93^a

^▲Basal progesterone and basal β-HCG were reported. ^aWe used a chi-square test to analyse the data of smoking history, drinking history, embryo visualization, cardiac movement visualization, marital status, diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, hyperprolactinemia, and whether using progesterone. ^bWe used the Student -test to analyse the data of maternal age, BMI, gestational week, and basal β-HCG (log10). ^cWe used the Mann-Whitney test to analyse the data of gestity, parity, abortion, and basal serum progesterone.