Maternal Health Service Uptake Is Associated with a Higher Skin-to-Skin Care Practice in Ethiopia: Result from a National Survey
Table 2
Factors affecting skin-to-skin care practice in Ethiopia, EDHS, 2016.
Explanatory variables
Practiced skin-to-skin care
COR [95% CI]
AOR [95% CI]
Mother’s age
< =18
1.00
1.00
19-35
1.08 [0.80, 1.46]
1.28 [0.87, 1.87]
> =35
0.67 [0.46, 0.99]
0.81 [0.47, 1.38]
Mother’s education
No formal education
1.00
1.00
Primary
1.92[1.60, 2.31]
1.03 [0.82, 1.29]
Secondary
5.31 [3.72, 7.57]
1.10 [0.68, 1.78]
Higher
4.51 [2.68, 7.60]
0.73 [0.36, 1.50]
Place of residence
Urban
4.49 [3.34, 6.04]
1.27 [0.83, 1.93]
Rural
1.00
1.00
Region
Tigray
1.00
1.00
Afar
0.21 [0.13, 0.32]
0.68 [0.43, 1.07]
Amhara
0.29 [0.20, 0.42]
0.57 [0.40, 0.82]
Oromia
0.28 [0.19, 0.42]
0.69 [0.44, 1.07]
Somali
0.19 [0.12, 0.29]
0.51 [0.31, 0.83]
Benishangul-Gumuz
0.47 [0.28, 0.78]
0.95 [0.62, 1.48]
SNNPR
0.34 [0.23, 0.50]
0.64 [0.43, 0.94]
Gambela
0.57 [0.37, 0.86]
0.71 [0.47, 1.08]
Harari
0.83 [0.53, 1.28]
1.00 [0.66, 1.49]
Addis Ababa
1.84 [1.21, 2.80]
0.94 [0.58, 1.54]
Dire Dawa
1.01 [0.66, 1.53]
1.05 [0.70, 1.57]
Wealth index quintile
Poorest
1.00
1.00
Poorer
1.57 [1.12, 2.20]
1.10 [0.70, 1.72]
Middle
1.90 [1.35, 2.69]
1.28 [0. 86, 1.92]
Richer
2.37 [1.67, 3.37]
1.38 [0.89, 2.14]
Richest
5.88 [4.20, 8.23]
1.20 [0.72, 1.99]
Employment status
Not employed
1.00
1.00
Employed
1.45 [1.20, 1.74]
1.02 [0.82, 1.27]
Marital status
Never in union
1.00
1.00
Currently in union
0.49 [0.22, 1.11]
0.84 [0.30, 2.40]
Formerly in union
0.48 [0.20, 1.14]
0.80 [0.27, 2.39]
Sex of child
Male
1.00
1.00
Female
1.17 [0.99, 1.39]
1.24 [1.01, 1.54]
Perceived baby size at birth
Small
0.78 [.65, 0.94]
0.90 [0.71, 1.15]
Normal (average or above average)
1.00
1.00
Antenatal care visits
No visits
1.00
1.00
1-4 visits
3.71 [2.80, 4.90]
1.51 [1.08, 2.12]
>4 visits
6.18 [4.61, 8.30]
1.43 [1.00, 2.05]
Place of delivery
Home
1.00
1.00
Health facility
14.64 [11.13, 19.27]
4.51 [2.16, 9.44]
Cesarean section delivery
No
1.00
1.0
Yes
1.75 [1.07, 2.84]
0.37 [0.23, 0.63]
Number of living children
0.87 [0.82,0.92]
1.05 [0.96, 1.16]
Parity
First birth
2.01[1.59, 2.53]
1.14[0.81, 1.60]
Second birth or beyond
1.00
1.00
Childbirth attendant
Skilled attendant
10.69 [6.83,16.73]
2.11 [0.90,4.94]
Nonskilled attendant
0.70 [0.47,1.05]
0.69 [0.46,1.05]
No attendant
1.00
1.00
Variables with in the multivariable regression model, variables with in the multivariable regression model; AOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; COR: crude odds ratio; SNNP: Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People; SSC: skin-to-skin care.
